所谓其它状语主要是指副词和介词短语。它们在句中的位置主要有以下几点值得注意:
修饰谓语动词的状语
修饰谓语动词的状语多数放在谓语之后,如谓语之后还有宾语,则应放在宾语之后,如:
1)这篇文章字写得很草率。
This article was written carelessly.
2)他们很细心地观察化学变化。
They observed the chemical reaction with great care.
但是如果在宾语之后还有附加修饰语(如定语从句),则状语通常位于宾语之前,动词之后,如:
(1)They observed with great care the chemical reaction which was taking place.
(他们仔细地观察正在发生的化学变化。)
(2)The teacher explained word by word the sentence which he thought was the most difficult to understand in that paragraph.
(教师一个字一个字地解释了他认为是那一段最难懂的句子。比较:The teacher explained the sentence word by word.)2.多元状语的序列
如果同一个谓语动词被两个或两个以上的状语所修饰,它们的位置一般根据以下顺序来安排:
a.地点状语通常在时间状语之前,方式状语在地点状语之前,这种顺序和汉语恰好相反。例如:
1)这台磨床是三年前从加拿大进口的。
This grinder was imported from Canada 3years ago.
2)那位老人能在大风大浪中连续不停地游泳三小时以上。
The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than 3 hours.
3)那位作家常常闭着眼睛一动不动地在沙发上一坐就是好几小时,心里琢磨着如何构思他那本小说的故事情节。
The writer would sit motionlessly with has eyes shut in the arnchair for hours thinking over(how to figure out the plot of his novel.)
b.如果有两个或两个以上时间状语或地点状语,代表较小单位的状语要放在前面,越向后单位越大,这一点和汉语习惯也正好相反。例如:
1)我们定于明日上午九时动身。
We shall start at nine tonorrow morning.
2)他住浙江杭州西湖路195号。
He lives at 195 West Lake Rd.,Hangzhou,Zhijiang.
3)敬启者:您所订的中国日报将于1987年一月二十四日满期。
Dear sir:Your subscription to the China Daily expires on January 20,1987.
4)兹定于本月十五日星期六下午二时在蓬莱路1001号举行乌托比亚大学创立五百周年纪念的园游会。恭请张先生、张太太光临。请赐复示。詹姆斯夫妇谨启。
Mr.and Mrs.James request the pleasure of Mrs.and Mr.Chang"s company at a gardenparty to be held at 1001 Peng Lai Road in celebration of the 500th anniversary of the foundation of Utopia University, on Saturday, the 15th inst., at 2 o" clock.R.S.V.P.(R.S.V.P=Repondez,s" il vous plait=Answer if you please.)