大家好,我是奇兵老师。前面有两篇文章讲述了高中改错题的技巧,现在我们来看一看语法填空题的一些技巧。这些技巧同样很强大,有些不用看懂句子只需看懂少量单词也能做对题目。虽然技巧是属于临阵磨枪类型,不能保证100%有用,但对于要考试的学生,尤其对于那些分数在80分以下的学生来说,这些技巧将会帮助到你。
同样地,这些技巧是按照从易到难来排列,最先讲的技巧是最简单的。
1、形容词变副词
例:The title will be _______(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016全国卷I)
讲解:此题出现概率很高,只要你认出了括号里面的单词是形容词,那么句子不用看了,直接把这个单词变成副词。形容词变副词大多数都是在单词末尾加ly。这一题是把official变成officially。常见的形容词后缀有“ful,ial,ual,ent,ant”,如果你不是括号里的单词但是看到这个单词后面是这些字母,可以大胆地尝试在后面加ly
练习1:Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks________(regular) (2016全国卷II)
练习2:Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016全国卷III)
练习3:Chinese scientist________(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016四川)
练习4:A travel company in Hong Kong, says it________(recent)arranges quick getaways here for people.(2015全国卷I)
练习5:Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat________(slow)during cool night.(2015全国卷II)
练习6:The river was so polluted that it ________(actual)caught fire and burned.(2014全国卷I)
练习7:Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ________(sudden)became friendly to one another.(2014全国卷II)
练习8:Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been_______ (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷II)
练习9:It is_______(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017全国卷III)
练习10:_______(lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015广东)
答案:
1、regularly
2、gradually
3、recently
4、recently
5、slowly
6、actually
7、suddenly
8、fairly
9、certainly
10、Luckily
2、名词变复数
例:The nursery team switches him every few _______(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.(2016全国卷I)
讲解:括号里面的词是名词,对于这种情况,不用看句子,90%的情况下直接把这个名词变成复数。因为名词只有一种变化,就是变为复数。这题的答案是把day变成days
练习1:Recent _______(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly(2016全国卷II)
练习2:Any smell might attract natural _______(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.(2016四川)
练习3:I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River, which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _______(painting)(2015全国卷I)
练习4:While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.(2014全国卷II)
练习5:This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国卷I)
练习6:It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from word.(2017全国卷II)
练习7:She has turned down several________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. (2017全国卷III)
答案:
1、studies
2、enemies
3、paintings
4、changes
5、effects
6、crowds
7、invitations
3、by前面的动词
例:The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.(2016四川)
讲解:对于by前面的动词只有两种变形,如果是谓语动词就写成be+动词过去分词形式,如果是非谓语动词写成动词的过去分词形式就行。动词的过去分词形式一般是在末尾加ed。本题答案是:is loved
练习1:The adobe dwellings________(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015新课标II)
练习2:A study of travelers ________(conduct) by the website TripAdivsor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
答案:练习1:根据句意build在这里要变成非谓语动词built
练习2:根据句意conduct在这里要变成非谓语动词conducted
4、it变成its
练习1:On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.(2016全国卷I)
练习2:By that time, the panda no longer needed________(it) mother for food.(2016四川)
练习3:A few hours later, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with________(it) choking smog.(2015全国卷I)
5、be动词
这些题基本上也不要读懂句子,但要看一看空格附近的单词
一般在am,is,are,was,were这5个单词之间选择,就算是猜也是在这5个be动词之间猜
I 后面跟的是 am或was;
he,she,it和第三人称单数后面跟的是is或was
we,you,they和复数后面跟的是are或were
am,is的过去式是was,are的过去式是were
练习1:Yangshuo ________(be)really beautiful(2015全国卷I)
练习2:Leaving the less important things until tomorrow________(be)often acceptable.(2016全国卷I)
练习3:In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio. It________(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned.(2014全国卷I)
练习4:Fast food ________(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷I)
练习5:Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be)too violent for use at the table.(2017全国卷III)
答案:1、主语YangShuo是一个城市名字,把be变成is
2、主语是动词ing短语,相当于第三人称单数,把be变成is
3、主语是it,根据上文提示是过去式,把be变成was
4、主语是fast food不可数名词,相当于第三人称单数,把be变成is
5、主语是knives,时态是过去时,把be变成were
6、介词或动词enjoy,like,love,keep,include后面的动词要变成ing形式
讲解:上面几个动词必须要背下。在考试中只要看到这几个动词,他们后面的动词哪怕你不认识也可以直接变成ing形式,不用看懂句子。
另外,常见的介词有:
“in,on,at,of,about,after,before,by,from,with,without……”
练习1:My ambassadorial duties will include________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-puls pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国卷I)
练习2:In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without ________(use)electric.(2015全国卷II)
练习3:One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about________(be) late for school(2014全国卷II)
练习4:Keep________(hold) your position for a while.(2014辽宁)
练习5:Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷I)
练习6:Still,the boy kept________(ride) .(2014全国卷II)
答案:
1、introducing
2、using
3、being
4、holding
5、eating
6、riding
7、ask,want,choose,plan,refuse,decide…后面的动词要变成动词不定式
讲解:同样,上面几个动词必须要背下。在考试中只要看到这几个动词,他们后面的动词哪怕你不认识也可以直接变成to-v动词不定式形式,不用看懂句子。
练习1:I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused________(stop) until we reached the next stop.(2014全国卷II)
练习2:But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants________(prove) that ……(2017全国卷III)
答案:
1、to stop
2、to prove
8、than
例:Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________(clean) than ever. (2014全国卷I)
讲解:than意为“比”,在考试中只要看到than,其前面的形容词就一定是写成比较级,比较级一般是在词尾加er。本题答案是cleaner