趣文网,分享全网好句子、好文章!

读新闻学英语 打造自己的独特的典型的语料库

时间:2023-06-17 04:32:01

相关推荐

读新闻学英语 打造自己的独特的典型的语料库

英语新闻是一个非常好的英语学习的资源。首先,它具有新闻时效性,能够引起英语学习者和应试者的获得信息和知晓时事的兴趣和愿望。第二,它具有知识和文化传播性,能够为英语学习者和应试者增强新知识和了解不同文化提供内容和渠道。第三,它具有语言示范性,能够满足英语学习者和应试者关于语言应用的学习、求证和鉴赏。因此,阅读新闻就是进行有必要的有意义的有效果的阅读,而对于英语学习者和应试者来说,就是通过阅读英语新闻用英语感知和体验信息、知识和文化等,就是在进行真实的、现实的、充实的英语应用,就是通过新闻学用英语,也是通过英语学知新闻。

一、英语新闻的语言特征

英语新闻具有正式性、复杂性和多样性等方面的特征。正式性主要体现在词汇和表达方式上,例如,涉及社会、经济、政治、文化和法律等方面的大量的丰富的学术语言、专业术语、专有名词和新闻用语等。复杂性主要体现在句子的结构和语序上,例如由于新闻的信息载荷量大,非谓语动词和从句比较多,尤其是插入成分或独立成分比较多,句子比较长,语序变化比较大,结构比较复杂。多样性主要体现在篇章、句型和词汇方面的丰富变化方面,例如,不同领域和界别的新闻,不同的作者和记者写新闻,势必呈现不同的语言风格,其词汇和句型的风格也必然是不尽相同的。以上三个方面的关于英语新闻的语言特征,对于作为外语的英语的学习者和应试者来说,具有极大的挑战性。

二、学好用好英语新闻

对于英语学习者和应试者来说,读英语新闻虽然可以是出于获得信息和知晓新闻的兴致,但更主要的是为了增加一个英语学习的途径和资源。那么,我们阅读英语新闻的目的就是非常明确的,就是要充分利用英语新闻学好用好英语,或者说通过英语新闻进行真实的有意义的英语学习和应用。

1. 大量有效的输入

首先,要坚持经常阅读英语新闻,加大阅读量。要做到认真读完至少一篇英语新闻,在此基础上,可以尝试多读几篇,不同领域的,不同界别的,如,政治、商业、科技、旅游、教育、体育和娱乐等。同时,要做到有效输入,既要从所读的新闻中选取具有相当挑战性的词汇和句子乃至段落等进行认真学习,做到信息理解准确和意义辨析清楚,尤其是语言上的充分理解和扎实掌握。大量输入,摄取精华,即是方法又是目的。

2. 精致有效的输出

大量有效的输入是基础,精致有效的输出是要求和目的。作为外语的英语的学习者和应试者来说,阅读英语新闻的目的不仅仅是获取信息,更主要的是要学习并掌握通过大量有效的阅读选取的英语词汇和句型以及段落等。那么,能够体现学好用好所学的语言精华的一种方式就是把学来的东西加以输出,进而提高英语水平和能力。这种输出应该是精致的有效的,即通过使用精选的,适合自己的,与众不同的语言来表达自己,例如,从读过的英语新闻中精选一些词汇或一两个句子,甚或一个段落作为样本收集整理起来,作为自己将来的说写译的基本词汇、句型和段落,即建设自己的独特的典型的语料库。当然,这个语料库主要的是应该通过接收和加工,转化和内化,储备于自己的大脑中,以备随时随机进行精致有效的输出,既真实的语言应用。其方式方法可以是分析、记忆,抄写、改写、背诵和翻译等。总之,要做到精致有效的输出,必须要在语法、语义和英汉对比等方面透彻理解充分掌握。

三、英语新闻学用示例

以下通过一篇英语新闻片段和15例句子与翻译说明学用英语新闻的方式和方法。

1. 英语新闻片段与分析

1.1. 片段原文:

Rising sea levels threaten hundreds of millions -- and it"s much worse than we thought

Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are at risk of losing their homes as entire cities sink under rising seas over the next three decades, according to researchers.

The findings, published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications, put nearly three times as many people in coastal areas at risk from flooding than previously thought, and are the result of new advances in elevation modeling technology.

Global sea levels are expected to rise between two to seven feet (0.6 meters to 2.1 meters) -- and possibly more -- over the course of the 21st century.

And by 2050, land that is currently home to about 300 million people will fall below the elevation of the average annual coastal flood -- meaning they could face severe floods at least once a year. By 2100, land that is home to 200 million people could sit permanently below the high tide line, rendering those coastal areas all but unlivable.

"The results indicate that, yes, a great deal more people are on vulnerable land than we thought," said Benjamin Strauss, one of the study"s co-authors and CEO of non-profit organization Climate Central. He added that these affected regions need to take immediate action to avoid the impending "economic and humanitarian catastrophe."

Entire coastal cities could be wiped out if there aren"t enough sea defenses in place. Some 70% of the people at risk of yearly floods and permanent inundation are in eight Asian countries: China, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Japan, according to the study.

……

(Excerpted from CNN)

1.2. 分析:

上面展示的新闻片段的标题和全部内容明显呈现出英语新闻的时效性和知识传播性,足以引起英语读者的阅读兴致。首先,这篇新闻内容新颖震撼,例如,未来三十年海平面将上升会导致城市沉降,世界范围内数亿人将面临流离失所的风险。第二,消息来源权威,数据真实可信,具有相当的知识性,例如,elevation modeling technology,high tide line,vulnerable land等。如果能够比较轻松地读懂其中的主要内容则能说明英语阅读理解方面的真正的应用水平和能力。此外,从英语新闻的语言特征来看,这篇新闻可以看作是范例。除了表述知识的术语之外,专有名词如Nature Communications,学术词汇如economic and humanitarian catastrophe,新闻用语如according to researchers等体现出相当的正式性。有的句子比较长而且有一定的复杂性,如,The findings, published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications, put nearly three times as many people in coastal areas at risk from flooding than previously thought, and are the result of new advances in elevation modeling technology.作为英语的学习者和应试者,可以将类似的句子作为样本进行认真学习和理解,以作为输入和输出的基础和范例。我们需要进行大量的英语新闻输入,但更要注意进行有效输入,也就是要精选典型的地道的英语词汇和句子以及段落等作为自己进行英语新闻阅读的语言应用的资料来源。

2. 英语新闻典型句子与翻译

2.1. 原文:

Footwear and apparel company Nike says it will launch an investigation into allegations made by a former athlete against the disgraced former head coach of its now shuttered elite running program, the Nike Oregon Project.

译文:

耐克服装鞋品公司说,现已停止运作的耐克俄勒冈工程精英跑项目的前教练遭到一位前运动员的指控并已经声名扫地,公司将要对此展开调查。

生词:

allegation: 指控

disgraced: 丢脸的,声名扫地的

shutter: 关闭

elite: 精英的

2.2. 原文:

Fentanyl is an extremely potent synthetic opioid, 60 times stronger than heroin, which was responsible for close to 30,000 of the 72,000 overdose deaths in the US in 2017, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

译文:

据美国国家药物滥用研究所证实,芬太尼是一种药效极强的合成类阿片,比海洛因强60倍,2017年美国72,000超剂量用药致死案中有30,000人的死亡是因服用芬太尼造成的。

生词:

fentanyl: 芬太尼

potent: 强效的

opioid: 类阿片

heroin: 海洛因

National Institute on Drug Abuse: 美国国家药物滥用研究所

2.3. 原文:

"This discovery reminds us that to end the HIV pandemic, we must continue to out think this continuously changing virus and use the latest advancements in technology and resources to monitor its evolution," study co-author, Dr. Carole McArthur, a professor in the department of oral and craniofacial sciences at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, said in a statement.

译文:

“这一发现提醒我们,为终止艾滋病毒的大规模流行,我们必须继续对这一持续变化的病毒进行更加深入的研究,并利用最新的技术上和资源上的进步监控其演化情况,”该科研论文的共同作者,堪萨斯市密苏里大学口腔颅面科学系教授卡罗尔·麦克阿瑟博士在一份报告中说道。

生词:

HIV(human immunodeficiency virus): 人体免疫缺损病毒,艾滋病病毒

Pandemic:流行病

out think: 深入思考

oral: 口腔的

craniofacial: 颅面的

2.4. 原文:

The severe weather conditions experienced yesterday have caused the iron scow, which has remained lodged in the powerful upper rapids above the Falls for over a century, to shift significantly from its position.

译文:

昨天经历的严酷的天气使得这艘寄居在尼亚加拉大瀑布上方的巨浪滔天水流湍急的高峡险滩达一个多世纪之久的铁驳船从原地开始了具有重大意义的移动。

生词:

scow: 驳船,平底船

lodge: 寄居

rapid: 急流(险滩)

2.5. 原文:

While authorities made clear that the decision to cancel games was necessary to ensure the safety of players and fans, many were critical of the tournament"s inability to reschedule games and apparent unpreparedness for the extreme weather -- despite the World Cup being held during typhoon season.

译文:

虽然官方澄清,取消比赛对于确保运动员和观众的安全是必要的,但许多人批评本届锦标赛缺乏重新组织比赛的能力,对极端天气明显地未做好准备,尽管世界杯正是在台风季节举办的。

生词:

tournament: 锦标赛

typhoon: 台风

2.6. 原文:

The stock bounce came as a new University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey indicated that optimism among American consumers rebounded in October to the highest level in three months, due in part to easing concern over the US-China trade war.

译文:

股市反弹是由于密西根大学消费者信心调查显示,美国消费者的乐观情绪于十月反弹至三个月内的最高点,其部分原因是对于美中贸易战的忧虑正逐渐缓解。

生词:

bounce: 弹起,反弹

consumer sentiment: 消费者信心

rebound: 反弹

2.7. 原文:

Granit Xhaka reached "boiling point" after his wife and daughter were abusively targeted on social media, the Arsenal captain said as he spoke for the first time to explain his angry reaction to the club"s supporters booing him.

译文:

格拉尼特·扎卡在妻子和女儿遭到社交媒体的肆意诋毁之后已经达到“沸点”,这位阿森纳的队长在第一次出面解释自己是因遭受俱乐部球迷狂嘘而愤怒反击时这样说道。

生词:

abusively: 辱骂地,谩骂地

Arsenal: 阿森纳足球队

boo: 发嘘声,喝倒彩

2.8. 原文:

We estimate Apple TV+ can become a $9 billion revenue business with 136 million paid subscribers by [fiscal year 2025], assuming just one in every 10 Apple user pays for the service by [fiscal year 2025].

译文:

假设到2025财年,每十个苹果用户中只有一个用户购买Apple TV+的服务,估计到时候这项业务就能够拥有1.36亿付费用户,年收入达到90亿美元。

生词:

revenue: 收入,收益

subscriber: 用户,订户

fiscal: 财政的

2.9. 原文:

Evidence is growing that certain lifestyles changes such as diet, exercise and brain training might slow their mental decline, possibly even protect them from developing full-blown dementia.

译文:

越来越多的证据表明,诸如饮食、锻炼和大脑训练等生活方式的改变很有可能延缓大脑退化,甚至更有可能阻止全面性痴呆的发生。

生词:

Dementia: 痴呆

2.10. 原文:

Career diplomat George Kent told congressional investigators in his closed-door testimony this week that Rudy Giuliani asked the State Department and the White House to grant a visa to the former Ukrainian official who Joe Biden had pushed to have removed when he was vice president, according to four people familiar with Kent"s testimony.

译文:

职业外交官乔治·肯特在本周闭门作证时告诉国会调查人员,鲁迪·朱利安尼要求国务院和白宫给遭到时任副总统乔·拜登促使撤职的前乌克兰官员发了签证,据四位知悉肯特作证情况的人如是说。

生词:

congressional: 国会的

career diplomat: 职业外交官

testimony: 证词

grant: 授予,给予

2.11. 原文:

Democrats, appalled by the fact that President Donald Trump has already successfully appointed two people to the Supreme Court and could be in line to appoint more, debated ways to remake the Supreme Court on Tuesday, with former Vice President Joe Biden, South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg and other disagreeing about the best way forward.

译文:

民主党人对特朗普成功任命两名法官进入最高法院并将可能继续任命更多法官感到极其震惊,于是在周二和前副总统乔·拜登,印第安纳州南本德市长皮特·布蒂吉格以及其他对于未来最佳方案的意见相左者商讨重组最高法院的方式方法。

生词:

appall: 吓坏,使惊骇

Supreme Court: 美国联邦最高法院

2.12. 原文:

The ruling raises the likelihood that Trump"s tax returns will be provided in response to a subpoena from the Manhattan district attorney"s office, although any material obtained through a grand jury subpoena is covered by grand jury secrecy rules, meaning it would likely become public only if it were used as evidence at a trial.

译文:

虽然任何通过大陪审团获得的资料都受大陪审团保密法的保护,但该判决增加了特朗普因应曼哈顿区检察官办公室的传票而应予提供纳税申报单的可能性,这意味着纳税申报单只有当作审判证据时才有可能予以公开。

生词:

ruling: 判决

subpoena: (传唤证人出庭的)传票

tax returns: 纳税申报单

district attorney: 区检察官

grand jury:大陪审团

trial: 审理,审判

2.13. 原文:

But Thursday"s indictments also threaten to undermine the core argument that Trump and his closest aides, from Vice President Mike Pence to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, have employed, given that the publicly available evidence of Trump"s dealings with Ukraine seem so damning.

译文:

但是鉴于业已公开的关于特朗普和乌克兰进行交易的证据看上去如此恶劣,星期二的刑事起诉书也势必从根本上动摇特朗普及其助手,从副总统迈克·彭斯到国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥,所使用的核心论点。

生词:

indictments: 刑事起诉书

threaten: 预示凶兆

undermine: 破坏

aide: 助手

damning: 谴责的,诅咒的

2.14. 原文:

Republican lawmakers in particular have harshly denounced Trump"s decision as a betrayal of the Kurds and a strategic blunder that will weaken American credibility, reverse gains against ISIS, make it harder for the US to build alliances and give a boost to Russia and Iran.

译文:

共和党议员特别严厉地谴责道,特朗普的决定背弃了库尔德人,犯了战略性大错,削弱了美国的信誉,葬送了打击伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国的成果,使得美国更难建设盟国,却使俄国和伊朗从中大获其利。

生词:

lawmakers:: 立法者,国会议员

denounce: 谴责,斥责

blunder: 大错,失策

reverse: 颠倒,反转

ISIS(Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria): 伊斯兰国,伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国

boost: 提高,增长,帮助,激励

2.15. 原文:

President Donald Trump announced Wednesday he was lifting all sanctions on Turkey after it agreed to halt its attack on America"s former Kurdish allies in northeastern Syria, shortly after his special envoy to Syria told Congress Turkey"s incursion was a "tragedy" and that Ankara-backed forces are likely behind several war crimes.

译文:

唐纳德·特朗普总统在其叙利亚特使告知国会土耳其的入侵是悲剧,而且安卡拉支持的武装可能是几起战争罪行的幕后势力之后不久于星期三宣布土耳其已经同意对外叙利亚北部的美国前盟友库尔德人停止进攻,他正在解除对土耳其的制裁。

生词:

sanction: 制裁

Kurdish: 库尔德人的

envoy: 使者,使节

incursion: 突然入侵,袭击

Ankara: 安卡拉(土耳其首都)

以上关于英语新闻片段和分析以及句子和翻译,仅仅是利用英语新闻进行英语学习并准备英语考试的范例展示和说明。实质上,由于我们对于英语国家的社会、经济、政治、文化和法律等的认知和体验的缺欠,加之英语新闻信息量大的特征,阅读英语新闻对于英语的学习者和应试者来说具有相当大的输入和理解困难,确实是不小的挑战。然而,读新闻学英语或者用英语读新闻又是一项具有重要意义的学习任务。如果能够做到读得懂,懂得快,显然,就会有更多更好的机会和途径获得有意义的、有难度的、有用的、丰富多样的语言输入,同时也可以为输出提供丰富的语言样本并奠定扎实的语言基础,从而建立起自己的独特的典型的学习和应试语料库。

本内容不代表本网观点和政治立场,如有侵犯你的权益请联系我们处理。
网友评论
网友评论仅供其表达个人看法,并不表明网站立场。
显示评论内容(2)
  1. 来世做你爱人2023-12-07 08:19来世做你爱人[黑龙江省网友]103.235.185.73
    @℡﹏柠♡檬つ゛打造独特的语料库确实很重要,只有有特色的语言表达才能让人印象深刻,自己的语言风格也会更加丰富多彩。
    顶10踩0
  2. ℡﹏柠♡檬つ゛2023-09-11 18:25℡﹏柠♡檬つ゛[北京市网友]202.14.64.241
    这是个好主意!读新闻不仅能学到实时的英语用法,还能了解各种语境下的表达方式,对提升英语水平很有帮助。
    顶8踩0
相关阅读
翻硕考研上岸经验:英语翻译的有效复习方法 从多读多写做起!

翻硕考研上岸经验:英语翻译的有效复习方法 从多读多写做起!

词条互译这一点的备考,我的一个选择是翻译硕士MTI 英汉词条互译词典,也就是黄皮书

2016-10-19

英语好的人听听力的样子 你具备吗?

英语好的人听听力的样子 你具备吗?

他们中有母语为英语的人,也有像我们一样的英语学习者

2023-01-15

合成语音新闻的传播效果评测——关于语速影响的EEG证据

合成语音新闻的传播效果评测——关于语速影响的EEG证据

王文轩,中国人民大学新闻学院博士研究生

2023-06-17

何炅曾经在一个句子中评论过罗志祥

何炅曾经在一个句子中评论过罗志祥

现在它好像就位了!我相信大家已经知道罗志祥和周扬青分手的消息

2022-12-11