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【语法讲解】
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
(3) 基本结构及句型转换:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
I have not finished my homework. (否定句)
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)
(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Eg. ---Where is your father?
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
(5)现在完成时的标志:
①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.
②for + 时间段;
since + 过去的时间点;
since + 段时间 ago;
since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化:
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
如:pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。
如:like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。
如:study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化:
5. 以不变应万变。
如:let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。
如:feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。
如:lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。
如:buy → bought → bought;
bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
二、重点句型
1. Have you…..yet?
— Have you read Little Women yet?
你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /N o , I haven" t.
是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。
2. Has... yet?(第三人称单数时have-has)
— Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t"s fantastic.
是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like ... ?
Would you like something to drink?
你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard...
I heard you lost your key.
我听说你丢钥匙了。
5. . . . came to realize how much...
She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
同学们,现在完成时一定要掌握,这是中考必考知识点!
本文如果对你有帮助,请点赞收藏《八下必掌握语法点——现在完成时》,同时在此感谢原作者。