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英语想学好，找不对老师辛苦白费！你好，我是齐文玉，一位教授英语20多年的老师。
曾经有很多学生运用了我的学习方法，英语成绩有了迅速提高。这是我与大家分享的第76篇原创文章。
初中英语语法中的过去完成时是一个比较难以理解的时态，因为现在完成时对于很多学生来说都觉得很难。
再加上过去完成时，更是需要好好详细琢磨一番，才能真正搞明白并掌握好。
今天就根据我多年教学及辅导经验，以一种简单且清晰的表达方式来介绍一下过去完成时。
希望能对学生们有所启发，并高效掌握这个语法难点。
过去完成时
一、教材典句
1.By the time l got outside, the bus had already left.
当我出去时,公共汽车已经离开了。
2.By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.
当我走进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。
仔细观察以上两句,不难发现时间状语从句都用了一般过去时态,主句都是发生在“过去的时间之前”,即过去的过去,应用过去完成时。
二、语法详解
（一）过去完成时的定义及构成
1.过去完成时定义：
表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,它表示动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词 had+动词的过去分词”构成(had用于各种人称和数)。
例如:She had arrived at the village before 8 o"clock last night.
她在昨晚8点之前就到达了这个村庄。
（二）过去完成时的句式结构
肯定句：had +过去分词
否定句：hadn’t+过去分词
一般疑问句：had 提前，放于句首
（三）过去完成时的时间状语
1.介词 by (the end of)/ before+ 过去的时间
例如:They had collected over 1,000 stamps by the end of last month.
截至上个月末,他们已搜集了1000多张邮票。
2.与 when, by the time, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句连用。
例如:When I got up this morning,my father had already gone to work.
今天早上我起床时,我的爸爸已经去上班了。
3.用于 told, said, asked,heard,thought等动词的宾语从句中,从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
例如:She said that she had divided the students into ten groups.
她说她已经把学生分成了十个组。
注意：过去完成时和现在完成时一样,当句中有表示一段时间的状语时,谓语动词必须用延续性动词,不能用短暂性动词。
例如:His pet dog had been dead for three months by the end of last week.
截至上个周末,他的宠物狗已经死了3个月了。
三、语法专练
（一）单项选择
1.My uncle （ ） many comic strips before he worked as a manager in 2010.
A.creates B.was creating C.would create D.had created
2.When I got to the booking office, they（ ） out all the tickets.
A.were selling B.had sold C.would sell D.have sold
3.We （ ） in our compositions by the end of last Sunday.
A.hand B.had hand C.handed D.had handed
4.We"d learned 2,000 English words （ ） 2015.
A.in B.since C.by D.at
5.He said he（ ）the film two days ago.
A.had seen B.has seen C.saw D.seen
6.（ ） I got there, the plane had already taken off.
A.After B.Before C.By the time D.Both B and C
7.He（ ） me that he had finished his work.
A.told B.tells C.had told D.tell
8.By the time he returned the book, he（ ） it for two days.
A.has borrowed B.had borrowed C.has kept D.had kept
9.We （ ）our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A.just have had B.have just had C.just had D.had just had
10.-What"s up?
-I missed the train.By the time I got to the train station,the train（ ）for 10 minutes.
A.had left B.has left C.has been away D.had been away
11.By the end of last term,Stephen （ ） computer science in a university for two years.
A.hasn"t studied B.doesn"t study C.will study D.had studied
12.By the time I got to school,I realized that I my backpack at home.
A.had left B.had forgotten C.left D.forgot
13.When I got to the cinema,the movie（ ）for five minutes.
A.began B.had begun C.had been on D.has been on
14.Robert was very upset that most of his friends when he （ ）at the party.
A.left;had arrived B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.had left;had arrived
15.The train（ ）when he（ ）to the station.
A.were left; were getting B.had left; got C.had been away; got D.left;got
二、动词填空
1.By the time I reached home,my mother （ ）(cook)supper already.
2.The snow （ ）(stop)before I got up this morning.
3.By the end of last year he（ ）(teach)in this school for ten years.
4.By the time I （ ）(get)into the store, someone (buy)the skirt that I wanted.
5.When she（ ） (wake)up,she realized that she (oversleep).
6.He told his mother that he（ ） (run)out of money to buy new clothes.
7.I（ ）(meet)Kate in the street by chance.We（ ） (not see)each other for six years.
8.He didn"t go to the movies last night because he （ ）(see)it.
（三）真题训练
1.-Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her （ ）of artemisinin(青蒿素).
-And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.
A.design B.thought C.invention D.discovery
2.-What"s happening over there,dear?
-The building is on fire.Can"t you see the black smoke （ ）above the（ ） building?A.rise;burning B.rise;burned C.rising;burned D.rising;burning
3.He is an honest person,so what he said is（ ） .
A.knowledgeable B.valuable C.comfortable D.believable
4.Don"t know where your kids are in the house?Turn off the Internet and they"ll（ ） quickly.
A.get up B.stand up C.show up D.hurry up
5.Even though we"re in difficult times, we need to keep hope （ ）.
A.real B.alive C.freshD.close
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我是齐文玉老师，具有 20年一线英语从业经历，帮助上万名学生有效提高英语分数，海外留学经历，工商管理硕士MBA。
如果大家 还有其他相关问题，欢迎私信我，我会及时给予一对一回复。
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