动词的被动语态
【真题再现】
1. We"re sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future. （2014 南京）
A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved
2. The pet dog is warm and loving. It ______ as a daughter of my family.（2014 河北）
A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated
3. When Tim ______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.(2014 河南)
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asked
4. He is very surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white.(2014 广州)
A. paint B. painted C. are painting D. are painted
5. If it isn"t fine this weekend, our spring field trip _______. (2014 福州)
A. is cancelled B. was cancelled C. will be cancelled
6. A. new hospital ________ in my town next year. (2014 北京)A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
7. — Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.(2014 威海)
— Oh, I to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
8. Many students _________ changes to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.(2014 江西)
A. don"t give B. aren"t given C. haven"t given D. won"t give
9. Pukou Railway Station ________ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years．(2015 南京)
A．build B．is built C．built D．was built
10. —Your school is so beautiful．(2015 西宁)
—Thanks! A modern stadium and a big garden _______ to make it nicer this year．
A．will be built B．has been built C．is built
11.These model cars ________ in China in 2013. (2015 北京)
A. are made B. were made C. make D. made
12. — Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ________ in public places.(2015 福州)
— Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A. isn’t allowed B. aren’t allowed C. doesn’t allow
13. Many houses _________ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.(2015 广州)
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
14. Now it’s much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy
to you soon. （2015 河南）
A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent
15. The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876．(2015 吉林)
A．is invented B．invented C．was invented
16. — Hobo, can I eat the hamburger?(2015 南通)
— Sure, if the dishes ________．
A．wash B．are washed C．will wash D．will be washed
17. The poor girl ________ by the unfriendly boys when she told her story．(2015 宁夏回族自治区)
A．laughed at B．was laughed at C．laughs at D．is laughed
18. The novel ________ by many people today.(2015 天津)
A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read
19. You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It ________.(2015 江西)
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed
C. hasn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed
【答案与解析】
1. D。句意：我们相信，通过努力，我们城市的环境在不久的将来会得到巨大的改善。根据in the near future可知，应用一般将来时；环境应该是被改善，所以用被动语态，故选D项。
2. C。句意：这只宠物狗既友好又令人喜爱。它被当作我家的女儿一样对待。由于主语it和动词treat构成被动关系，故本题须用被动语态。又由题干中的is warm可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为：am/is/are＋动词的过去分词。故答案为C项。
3. A。句意：当Tim被问到他为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。由句意可知主语是动作的承受者，又因为题干中的动词都为过去式，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为A项。
4. D。句意为“他对村子里所有的房子都被粉刷上白色感到惊讶”，因为房子是不能自己刷上白色的，所以必须用被动语态。
5. C。句意：这个周末如果天气不好，我们的春游将被取消。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，故此处主句应用一般将来时的被动语态，故答案为C项。
6. D。句意：明年在我家乡要建一所新医院。医院与建造为被动关系，应用被动语态，故排除A、B两项；由next year(明年)可知用一般将来时。故选D。
7. D。本题意为：——Tom!昨晚在聚会上我到处找你。——噢，我没被邀请去聚会，故本题应用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案选D。
8. B。句意：很多学生在上课的时候都没有机会展示自己，因为班级人数太多。学生应该被给予机会，所以应该使用被动语态，故选B项。
9. D。句意：浦口火车站建于1911年，近年来它已经成为电影和电视剧的拍摄地。根据in 1911可知，应用一般过去时；火车站是被建的，所以用被动语态，故选D项。
10. A。由语境可知，今年还会建一个现代化的体育场和一座大花园，这会使校园更漂亮。一般将来时的被动语态，故选A。
11. B。句意：这些模型汽车是中国2013年制造的。由时间状语in 2013可知时态为过去时，model cars与动词make之间为被动关系，故选B。
12. A。句意为“在公共场所吸烟不被允许”，考查被动语态，smoking应视作单数，故选择A。
13. B。句意：很多房子都被地震毁坏了，成千上万的人无家可归。根据句意和句中的“thousands of people were left homeless”可知，这里用的是一般过去时态，并且many houses和damage构成被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
14. D。句意：现在在网上购物容易的多啦。当你的订单准备好了，你想买的东西时很快就会送给你。things是send这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。根据soon一词可知用一般将来时，所以该用一般将来时的被动语态形式，因此选D。
15. C。句意：Alexander Graham Bell于1876年发明了电话。由“in 1876”可知，应用一般过去时；且主语“the telephone”是invent动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，故选C。
16. B。if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来；“the dishes”与wash之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态。因此，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
17. B。laugh at意为“嘲笑”。本句是一个复合句，根据“when she told her story”可知，主句应用一般过去时，故排除C、D两项；主句主语“the poor girl”是动作laugh at的承受者，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。句意为：当那位可怜的女孩讲述她的故事时，被那些不友好的男孩嘲笑了，故选B。
18. A。主语是the novel，所以谓语要用单数形式，所以排除答案B和D；题中出现明显时间词today，所以时态应为一般现在时，故答案为A。
19. B。句意：你不能在这里穿鞋子，这是不允许的。这里的it是句子的主语，它与allow之间是被动关系，用被动语态（构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词）；作为一项规则，用一般现在时，故选B。
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）
The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。
1. 被动语态的结构
一般现在时：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词过去分词现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词
过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
如：You are wantedon the phone. 有你的电话。China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。The book had been borrowedwhen I got to the library. 我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
如：All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all. They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down.
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他
被动语态: 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)
或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for / to) + 间接宾语 + 其他
如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father). 我的父亲在我的生日那天给我买了一本新书。
My father bought me a new computer yesterday. I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father).我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
5.含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态
有些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
如: She looks after her grandmother.
Her grandmother is looked after (by her). 她照顾她的祖母。
6.带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
如：His teacher found him a very good pupil. → He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
7.变被动语态的其他注意点
（1） 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要保留to。如：Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday. →Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.琳达的父母亲使她每天练习钢琴。
（2） 有些及物动词如have(有),reach, cost等,以及有些连系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语态。
如：【误】 Five dollars is cost by this book.【正】 This book costs five dollars. 书花费5元。
【误】 The food is tasted nice.
【正】 The food tastes nice. 食物尝起来挺好。
（3） 如move, lock, shut, open等作不及物动词与can’t, won’t等连用时,以及如read, write, wash, clean等作不及物动词与well, easily等副词连用时,已含有被动意义,因此形式上不再采用被动结构。
如：The door won’t open. 门不能开了。
The clothes wash well. 衣服洗好了。
