名词
名词的数概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词及其单复数:可数名词有单复数变化,其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰,还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。复数的规则构成法:绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图:
2) 复数的不规则构成法:
a.单复同形的:Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)
b. 熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children
c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student-two girl students
3. 不可数名词:不可数名词没有单复数。如:water, meat, air等。在表示数量时,通常用以下方法。
1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。
There is little milk at home.
The old man has lots of money.
2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量,应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式,若数字超过一,量词应用复数形式。如:a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread
专有名词:专有名词是表示特定的人,事物, 地点等,如:Tom, China, the United Kingdom. 专有名词的第一个字母一般大写,大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。名词的所有格:概述:名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系,作定语。名词所有格的构成:名词所有格包括 –s所有格和of所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用of短语来表示所有关系。如:the name of the school, the window of the house等。–s所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间,距离,国家等的名词后。构成方法如下:一般直接在名词后加’s. 如:Jim’s book复数名词的所有格,若以s/es结尾只加撇号,不以s/es结尾仍加’s。如:Children’s Day, the teachers’ office.
3)“ and”连接的并列名词的所有格,表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加’s; 表示“各自拥有”,两个名词尾都要加’s. 如:Jim and Lucy’s book(共有); Jane’s and Tom’s books(不共有)
4)表示店铺或某人的家等处所时,常在名词的所有格后省去shop, house, home等。如:the barber’s, at my uncle’s
5) 表示时间,距离,国家,城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加’s或’表示所有格,如:today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk.
双重所有格1)名词双重所有格的含义:of+名词所有格称为双重所有格,这种结构中,of前面是一部分,of后面是一个整体。
例如:Mr Wang is a friend of my father"s. (=Mr Wang is one of my father"s friends.) 王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友.2)名词双重所有格的构成方法: a. of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词,如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如: Have you read any stories of Lei Feng"s? 你看过雷锋的故事吗? They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我。 Three classmates of my sister"s have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。 b. 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色彩。例如: That answer of Jim"s was right. 吉姆的那个回答是对的。 Something is wrong with this eye of mine. 我的这只眼睛出了毛病。 c. of后面带有"s的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如: That"s a book of Lu Xun"s. 这是鲁迅的一本书。 This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。 3)名词的双重所有格与“of + 名词”结构之间的区别:a.. 句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较:
He is a friend of my father"s. (着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个)He is a friend of my father. (着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友)
b. of前面是picture等词时,含义不同。试比较:This is a picture of my teacher"s. 这是我老师收藏的一张照片。This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。
实战演练(2×50)
1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childrens’
2. September 10th is ___ Day in China.
A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher
3. This is _______ news.
A. such a good B. a very good C. such good
4.—What ______ it is!
—Let’s go out to have a picnic.
A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day
5. Tom and I go to school _____ every day.
A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot
6. –Are those _____?
-No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow
7. A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen
8. That doctor drank two _____.
A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea
9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.
A. Bob mother B. Bob’s mother’s C. mother of Bob
10. The tall man with a big nose is _______ classmate.
A. Tom and Carl B. Tom’s and Carl’s C. Tom and Carl’s
11.In ____ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.
A. few year B. a few years’ C. a few year’s
12. How many ___ do you want every month?
A. milk B. water C. apples
13. –Whose is this new bicycle?
-It’s _____.
A. Sue and Jim’s B . Sue and Jim C. Sue’s and Jim’s
14. –Would you like _____tea?
-No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.
A. any; bottles of orange B. a little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange
15. –How many _____ do you want?
-Two, please.
A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs
16. The bus stop is two _____ from our house.
A. hour’s drive B. hours’ drive C. hour-drive
17. –Where are you going, Amy?-_______.
A. To my uncle B. To my uncle’s C. At my uncle
18. Have you read _____?
A. a newspaper of today’s B. today newspaper C. today"s newspaper
19. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea.
A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups
20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and ____ are vegetables.
A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles
21. –Help yourself to some _________.
-Thank you. I really like them.
A. fish B. orange C. cakes
22. The little baby has two _______ already.
A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth
23. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?
A. three days’ holiday B. three day’s holiday C. three-days holiday
24. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.
A. leaf B. leave C. leaves
25. Tomorrow I"m going to my________. It"s a _________.
A aunt...five minutes" walk B aunt"s...five minute"s walk
C aunt"s...five minutes" walk
26. A computer is one of the greatest ________in this century.
A inventors B inventions C invitations
27. We haven"t ________ homework to do today.
A many B some C much
28. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.
A is...ten-year-old B are...ten-year-old C is...ten-years-old
29. _________that pair of new_________nice?
A Is...shoe B Are...shoes C Is...shoes
30.Mary, I"ve bought many_______. Now let"s make the birthday cake.
A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food
31. The two ________are my________.
A woman doctors... friends B women doctors... friends
C women doctors... friend
32. These are________houses.
A Lee and my uncle B the Lee"s and my uncle"s
C theLees" and my uncle
33. We are__________.They are_________.
A Chinese...Germen B Chinese...German
C Chinese...Germans
34. There ______ a pencil and two books on the desk. A. has B. is C.are 35. A number of students ______ for the school bus now. A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits 36. The number of students in the class ______ large. A. are B. has C.is 37. A _____ is used for keeping warm. A. stamp B. scarf C. key 38. There is no _______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms 39. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young. ---OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and mother B. my mother and father"sC. my mother"s and father"s
40. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three
41. --- What would you like to drink, girls?--- _________, please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two coffee
42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ______A. fun B. wishes C. interest
43. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitor"s C. visitors"44.--- How many students are there in your school?--- There are two ___________.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of
45. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?-- It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book
46. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the TV.A. place B. room C. field
47. If you don"t take more ________, you"ll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. exercise48. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A. minute B. minutes" C. minutes
49. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news
50. Maths ________ not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am
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