Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy.
大家好，欢迎回到跟着 Lucy 学英语。
Today I am going to talk to you about seven words that learners of English commonly use incorrectly.
今天我要跟你们谈谈英语学习者通常会错误使用的七个单词。
They commonly misuse these words.
他们通常滥用这些词。
This video will help you find out if you are also making mistakes with these words, and I"ll show you how to use them correctly, and I"ll also show you what you were trying to say by misusing these words.
该视频将帮助你确定你是否也错误使用了这些单词，我将向你们展示如何正确使用它们，并且还将向你们展示你在误用这些单词时要表达的意思。
Before we get started, I would just like to thank the sponsor of today"s video.
在我们开始之前，我想感谢今天视频的赞助商。
It is Skillshare, and if you haven"t heard of them before, they"re an online learning community with thousands of classes of all different topics.
那就是Skillshare，如果你还没有听说过，他们是一个在线学习社区，拥有成千上万种不同的课程话题。
You can learn about marketing, languages, graphic design, cooking.
你可以学习营销，语言，图形设计，烹饪。
Honestly, there are classes for absolutely everyone.
老实说，每个人都能在上面找到合适的课程。
There are loads of free classes, but you can also sign up to premium membership which gives you unlimited access to high quality classes from experts working in their field.
上面有很多免费的课程，但是你也可以注册高级会员资格，这样你就可以无限次访问来自各领域专家们的高质量课程。
If you follow me on Instagram you"ll know that I love art, and I recently found a beginner"s watercolour course and it was amazing because I"ve been doing watercolour for so long, but I"d never actually learned the basics.
如果你们在Instagram上关注了我，那就会知道我热爱艺术，我最近又找到了一个初学者的水彩课程，这很棒，因为我画水彩已有很长时间了，但是我从未真正学过基础知识。
But to find out more, you"ll have to sign up to Skillshare and it"s actually really affordable, more affordable than most other online learning platforms.
但要了解更多信息，你必须注册Skillshare，而且价格实在实惠，比大多数其他在线学习平台更实惠。
An annual subscription is under $10 per month, and since Skillshare are sponsoring this video, they have given the people who click the link to sign up in the description box their first two months for free.
年度订阅费用每月不到10美元，并且由于Skillshare赞助了本视频，通过点击描述栏中的链接注册的人可以获得两个月的免费试用资格。
So click on the link, sign up.
所以点击链接，进行注册吧。
There are loads of courses, especially English courses and language courses, which you might be interested in.
上面有很多课程，特别是你可能会感兴趣的英语课程和语言课程。
And let me know how it goes.
请让我知道进展如何。
Right. Let"s get on with the lesson.
好的，我们继续上课吧。
So number one, a word that learners of English commonly misuse is career.
那么第一个，英语学习者普遍滥用的一个单词是职业生涯。
Career.
职业生涯。
We use the word career to talk about an occupation undertaken for a significant period of someone"s life with opportunities for progress.
我们用职业生涯这个词来描述人生命中从事某工作的重要时期，这段时期有进步的机会。
However, many students make mistakes with this word and they use it, they incorrectly use it to talk about a university student"s main area of study.
但是，很多学生错误地使用这个词，他们使用它，错误地使用它来谈论大学生的主要领域研究。
There are many reasons why students misuse it.
学生误用它的原因有很多。
It can be a false friend in certain languages and it can just be down to misinformation.
在某些语言中，它可能是形近异形词，它也可能只是误导信息。
For this definition, we would say degree in the UK or major in American English.
对于这个定义，在英国我们会说学位或者美式英语中我们会说专业。
We do not use career for this definition.
我们不用职业生涯来表达这个定义。
So a correct sentence with career is, I started my career making teas and coffees, and now I"m the head of operations.
所以正确地使用职业生涯这个词的句子是，我开始了我泡茶和泡咖啡的职业生涯，现在我是业务负责人。
That"s correct.
这才是对的。
An incorrect example would be, My career was very challenging and I was relieved to graduate.
一个不正确的例子是，我的职业生涯充满挑战，毕业后我松了一口气。
We should say my degree or my major was very challenging and I was relieved to graduate.
应该说我的学位或专业非常具有挑战性，毕业后我松了一口气。
Number two, the second word that students tend to get wrong is salary.
第二个，学生常常弄错的第二个词是薪水。
Salary.
薪水。
We use the word salary to talk about a regular fixed payment, which is usually expressed as an annual amount.
我们用薪水这个词来谈论定期的固定付款，通常表示为年度金额，即年薪。
In some cultures, you talk about your monthly salary, in the UK and normally in the US, we talk about annual salaries.
在某些文化中，你可能会谈论月薪，但是在英国，还有美国，我们谈论年薪。
I remember when I moved to Spain I was very confused when people were asking me how much I earned per month or how much I would like per month.
我记得我移居西班牙时，当人们问我每月收入多少或想要多少时，我感到很困惑。
I had to times everything by 12 and then it didn"t even end up being the same number.
我必须将所有东西都乘以12，最后的数字甚至都不一样。
Many students get confused with the word salary and use it to talk about what someone earns per hour or per day.
许多学生混淆了薪水这个词的意思，并用它来谈论某人每小时或每天的收入。
Obviously this is incorrect.
显然这是不正确的。
Instead, we could say wage or rate.
相反，我们可以说工资或费率。
Your daily rate, your daily wage or your hourly rate or your hourly wage.
你的日薪，日工资或时薪或时工资。
An example of salary used correctly, I was given a promotion which increased my salary to 40,000 pounds per year.
一个正确使用薪水这个词的例句，我得到了晋升，并且我的薪水提高到每年40，000英镑。
An example of an incorrect use of salary.
一个错误使用薪水这个词的例句。
I negotiated a good salary of 15 pounds an hour.
我通过协商达成了每小时15英镑的薪水。
We would say instead, I negotiated a good wage or a good rate of 15 pounds an hour.
我们会说，我通过协商达成了好每小时15英镑的好时薪。
Hopefully that is clear for you now.
希望现在你把它弄明白了。
Number three, the third word that students misuse is custom.
第三个，学生错用的第三个单词是风俗习惯。
Custom.
风俗习惯。
We used the word custom to talk about behaviours that are specific to a particular place, culture or society.
我们用这个词谈论某个地点、文化或社会所特有的行为。
However, many students incorrectly use the word custom to talk about personal habits or actions.
但是，许多学生错误地使用“风俗习惯”一词来谈论个人的习惯或行为。
Instead, we could use habit or we might just use the present simple.
相反，我们可以使用习惯这个词，也可以使用一般现在时。
For example, I do this.
例如，我这样做。
I"m talking about something that I do on a regular basis.
我说的是我定期做的事情。
I don"t do that.
我不那样做。
I do not do this on a regular basis.
我不会定期这样做。
I do not have this habit.
我没有这个习惯。
So an example of the correct use of the word custom.
下面是正确使用“风俗习惯”一词的例句。
I find it fascinating to learn about the customs and traditions of ancient cultures.
我觉得学习古代文化的习俗和传统很令人着迷。
An incorrect example.
一个不正确的例子。
Some people like to eat breakfast every day, but I don"t have that custom.
有些人喜欢每天都吃早餐，但我没有这种习俗。
Instead, we could say, I don"t do that or I don"t have that habit.
相反，我们可以说，我不那样做或者我没有那种习惯。
But I don"t do that, the present simple sounds a lot more natural.
但我不这样做，一般现在时听起来自然得多。
Number four is nanny, nanny.
第四个词是保姆，保姆。
We use the word nanny to talk about someone who is employed to regularly look after children in a household.
我们用保姆这个词描述被雇来定期照顾家中孩子的人。
They usually have special training and qualifications.
他们通常经过了特殊的培训并且拥有资质。
Now, many students will make the mistake of using the word nanny to talk about somebody who watches over children in exchange for money.
现在，很多学生会错误地用保姆这个词来描述通过照看孩子来换钱的人。
They"re not necessarily officially employed.
他们不一定是正式雇员。
For this case, we would use the word babysitter.
对于这种情况，我们会使用临时保姆这个词。
I worked as a babysitter from the age of 14.
我从14岁开始当临时保姆。
It wasn"t official employment, I had no contract.
这不是正式工作，我没有合同。
People in the village would text me and say, "Can you babysit my children on Friday night?
村里的人会发短信说：“你能在星期五晚上照顾我的孩子吗？
I used to charge five pounds an hour.
我过去每小时收费五英镑。
I was a babysitter.
我是个临时保姆。
I had no qualifications, no work contract.
我没有资质，没有工作合同。
I had no employment really.
我真的没有雇佣关系。
It was just lucky if someone called me up.
如果有人打电话给我，那真是幸运。
So an example of the correct use of nanny would be, when I was little, we had a nanny who would pick me up from school every afternoon.
举一个正确使用保姆一词的例子，我小的时候，我们有一个保姆，她每天下午都会到学校接我。
Every afternoon means an ongoing basis.
每个下午意味着持续不断。
They are employed by my family.
他们受雇于我的家人。
I did not have a nanny.
我没有保姆。
An incorrect use would be, I need to find a nanny to look after the children whilst we go out tonight.
不正确的用法是，我需要找到一个保姆在我们今晚外出时照顾孩子。
What I"m actually talking about is a babysitter.
事实上我说的是临时保姆。
We need to find a babysitter for tonight.
我们今晚需要找一个临时保姆。
It"s a one off, a one time basis.
这是一次性的，一次性的。
Number five, the fifth word that students use incorrectly is client, client.
第五个，学生误用的第五个单词是客户，客户。
And actually a lot of native speakers misuse this word as well.
而实际上很多母语者也误用了这个词。
I"m sure I have, but sometimes it"s hard to know if I"ve picked something up from non-native speakers without realising it because I"m with them so frequently.
我确定我也用错过，但是有时候很难知道我是否无意识地从非母语人士那里学会了一些表达，因为我经常和他们在一起。
We use the word client to talk about someone who is provided a professional service.
我们使用客户一词来指代被提供了专业服务的人。
A professional service is provided to them.
别人为他们提供了专业服务。
For example, lawyers have clients.
例如，律师有客户。
The lawyers provide a professional service to the clients.
律师为客户提供专业服务。
Accountants have clients.
会计师有客户。
Many students say the word client when actually they mean customer.
许多学生说“客户”一词，实际上他们是指“顾客”。
Customer.
顾客。
A customer is someone who is provided goods or a service in exchange for money.
顾客是指人们为其提供货物或服务从而换取金钱的人。
So with a service it"s less professional and goods, well, you"re not generally providing goods to a client, you"re normally providing a professional service.
因此，由于服务的专业性和商品性较差，所以你通常不会提供向客户提供商品，通常你会提供专业的服务。
There is a grey area, but in general it"s one or the other.
确实存在灰色区域，但是一般来说是非此即彼的。
An example, many of our marketing agency"s clients are small, independent businesses.
例如，我们许多营销机构的客户是小型独立企业。
That is client used correctly.
这是客户这个词的正确用法。
An incorrect example, I must be my local pub"s best client.
一个不正确的例子，我肯定是本地酒吧的最佳客户。
What we should really say is, I must be at my local pubs, best customer.
我们真正应该说的是，我肯定是当地的酒吧最好的顾客。
I"m buying goods.
我是购买货物。
I"m not being provided a professional service.
我没有被提供专业服务。
Now, number six is to lay.
那么第六个词是放置。
To lay, and this is very commonly misused also by native speakers, so don"t worry if you"re misusing it as well.
放置，这个词通常也会被母语使用者误用，因此如果你也用错了，请不要担心。
To lay means to place something in a resting position.
放置指的是将某物置于静止位置。
Notice the word, something.
注意“某物”这个词。我们一直。
We always have to lay an object, to lay something.
必须说放置一个物体，放置某物。
Now, many students will use the word lay when actually they mean lie.
很多学生在用这个词的时候实际上指的是躺。
To lie does not require an object.
不需要宾语。
It means to recline or rest in a flat position.
这个词的意思是平躺。
Now, number seven is another confusing one again, many natives get wrong.
第七个又是一个令人困惑的词，很多母语者都会用错。
It is loose, loose.
那就是松散的，松散的。
This also sounds like my nickname, my mom calls me Luce.
这听起来也像我的昵称，我妈妈叫我卢斯。
Everyone calls me Luce.
大家都叫我卢斯。
You can start calling me Luce, but it"s spelled L-U-C-E not L-O-O-S-E.
你可以开始叫我Luce，但它的拼写是L-U-C-E，而不是 L-O-O-S-E。
Now loose is an adjective meaning the opposite of tight, very, very tight, very, very loose.
松散的这个词是一个形容词，意思是紧密的反义词，非常非常紧密，非常非常松散。
However, many students especially in their writing, will write loose when actually they mean lose, the verb to lose.
但是，许多学生，特别在写作中，会写“松散的”，而他们实际上指的是失去，动词失去。
Meaning to misplace.
意思是乱放。
Now I think it"ll just be easier if I give you one correct sentence containing both words used correctly instead of confusing you with incorrect and correct examples.
现在，我想如果我给你一个同时包含两个正确用法的词会简单得多，而不是用错误和正确的例句来让你感到困惑。
Just with this case.
仅限于这种情况。
I"m worried I"ll lose my watch because the strap is so loose.
我很担心我会把手表弄丢，因为表带太松了。
I"m worried I"ll lose my watch because the strap is so loose.
我很担心我会把手表弄丢，因为表带太松了。
Now you might think they look very similar and sound very similar, but it"s all about the final consonant in the word lose with a Z- sound, loose with a S- sound.
你可能会认为它们看起来非常相似，听起来也非常相似，但是重点全在最后的辅音里，lose是z的音，loose是s的音。
Lose, loose, loose , the adjective, lose, the verb.
失去，松散，形容词松散的，动词失去。
Right. That"s it for today"s lesson.
好的，今天的课程就是这样。
I hope you enjoyed it.
我希望你们喜欢。
I hope you learned something.
我希望你们有所得。
Your homework today is to take three of the words, a minimum of three, if you want to do all of them, you can and use them correctly in different sentences.
今天的家庭作业是选至少三个词，如果你愿意的话，你可以选取所有的词，你可以这样，正确地用它们造不同的句子。
Don"t forget to check out Skillshare.
不要忘记查看Skillshare。
The link to sign up and get two months worth of premium membership for free is in the description box.
注册并免费获得两个月高级会员的链接就在描述栏里。
And don"t forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
还有不要忘记在我所有的社交媒体上与我联系。
I"ve got my Facebook, my Instagram, and my Twitter, and my personal channel, Lucy Bella Earl, where I talk about everything that isn"t English, in case you"re interested in that.
我有脸书、INS、推特，以及我的个人频道 Lucy Bella Earl，在那里我会谈论一切跟英语无关的东西，也许你会感兴趣。
I will see you soon for another lesson.
我们下节课再见。
