一、考点解读
今天我们复习宾语从句。所谓宾语从句，就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分。今天我们主要复习以下的内容：
1．对于陈述句语序的考查
2．考查宾语从句的时态
3．考查宾语从句的连接词和语义
二、专题梳理
1．陈述句做宾语从句
陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。
（一）连接词，陈述句作宾语从句时，用连接词that，通常that可以省略。
e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn.
我认为英语难学。
但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略，在初中阶段我们学过的动词有learn, sugget, explain,
agree, wonder, feel, mean。
e.g.However, he went on to explain thathe was not too sure about the grammar.
然而，他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。
（二）语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，而陈述句就是陈述句的语序，所以不必作任何改动。
（三）时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的，具体说来有三条。
（1）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常不
受主句的限制，即从句的时间是什么，从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。
e.g.She says(that) she likes English.
她说她喜欢英语。
She says(that) she liked English three years ago.
她说她三年以前喜欢英语。
She says(that) she will like English next term.
她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致，要用
过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。
She said. She likes English.
→She said (that) she likedEnglish.
She said. She liked English three years ago.
→She said (that) she likedEnglish three years ago.
She said. She will like English.
→She said (that) she would likeEnglish next term.
She said. They are swimming.
→She said (that) they were swimming.
她说他们在游泳。
She said. The girl has been there.
→She said (that) the girl had been there.
她说那个女孩去过那里。
（3）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，从句的谓语
动词不受主句的限制，通常用一般现在时。
e.g.The teacher said(that) the earth goes around the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
My mother toldme that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
妈妈告诉我患难见真情。
2．一般疑问句作宾语从句
一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。
（一）连接词。一般疑问句作宾语从句时用连接词if或whether，if和whether的中文意思
是“是否”，在句子中不能省略。我们来看几个句子。
e.g.Do you know？ Does he study English？
Do you know if (whether) he studies English？
你知道他是否学习英语吗？
He asks. Are you a teacher？
He asks if (whether) you are a teacher.
他问你是否是老师。
注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句时，if和whether这两个连接词在大部分情况下是可以通用的。
但是有时候有些词后或搭配中通常用whether，不用if。下面我们来看一下if和whether的用
法区别。
（1）if/ whether在作“是否”讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder,
find out等之后。
e.g.I’ll try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.
我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。
We’re having a discussion whether we’ll go on the trip or not.
我们正在讨论是否去旅行。
（2）少数动词如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether引导。
e.g.I put it to you whether we should start earlier.
请您考虑一下我们能否早点出发。
I doubt whether they’ll keep their word.
我怀疑他们能否守约。
We’re now discussing whether we should group these three companies.
我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。
（3）whether后可与or not直接连用，但if不可以。
e.g.I don’t care whether/if the work will take long or not.
这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。
I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.
我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。
（4）与不定式连用只能用whether。
e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.
我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。
（5）有时为避免歧义，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用if。
e.g.Let me know whether you can come.
告诉我，你是否能来。
如果改成Let me know if you can come.就有两种译句。“告诉我你是否能来。”“如果你能来就告诉我。”
（6）在介词后通常用whether，不用if。
e.g. I’m thinking about whetherthey know the answer.
我在想他们是否知道答案。
I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.（介词后一般不用if）
我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。
（7）whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首。
e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter CampI don’t care.
他们能否参加冬令营，我不在乎。
（二）语序。要用陈述句的语序，我们来看例句。
e.g.He asks. Do you like sports？
He asks if you like sports.
他问你是否喜欢运动。
She asks. Does the boy wash clothes？
She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes.
她问那个男孩是否洗衣服。
I wonder. Did you go there？
I wonder if (whether) you went there.
我想知道你是否去那里了。
She asks. Are they listening to the teacher？
She asks if (whether) they are listening to the teacher？
她问他们是否在听老师讲课。
He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？
He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.
他想知道他们明天是否上课。
注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时，动词的变化如下：
do→去掉→后面的动词不变。
does→去掉→后面的动词加s或es。
did→去掉→后面的动词变为过去式。
will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should, have, has, had等助动词放到主语之后。
（三）时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同，即：
（1）主现——从不限（主句用一般现在时，从句不限制用什么时态）。
（2）主过——从过（主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态）。
（3）客观真理不遵循主过，从过。
3．特殊疑问句作宾语从句
（一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。
e.g.I ask. What are you doing now？
I ask whatyou are doing now.
我问你现在在干什么？
（二）语序。用陈述句的语序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同，为什么说基本相同呢？这是因为特殊疑问句有两种语序。
（1）疑问词＋一般疑问句。
Do you know？ Who does he often go there with？
Do you know who he often goes there with？
你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗？
I don’t know. Whom should you depend on？
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁。
This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know？
This book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。
He didn’t tell me. When will we meet again？
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。
Could you please show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？
Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone？
你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器？
None of us knows. Where can these new parts be bought？
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。
I ask you. Where are you from？
I ask you where you are from？
我问你来自哪里。
（2）疑问词＋谓语＋其它。
在第二种句式中，疑问词既是连接词，也是主语，所以语序上不作变化。
我们来看几个特殊疑问句。
Who has won the game？
“谁赢了那场比赛。”Who在句子中作主语，has won作谓语。
Do you know who has won the game？
你知道谁赢了那场比赛吗？
What’s wrong with you？
“你哪儿不舒服？”这里what是作主语用的，是疑问词＋谓语＋其它。作宾语从句时语序不 变。
I ask you what’s wrong with you.
我问你哪里不舒服。
通过上面的例句，我们可以看出特殊疑问句的语序，可以归纳特殊疑问句作宾语从句时有两种情况：
A：连接词（疑问词）＋谓语＋其它。
B：连接词（疑问词）＋主语＋谓语＋其它。
注意在用陈述句的语序时，我们还是要强调如下的几点：
（1）do→去掉→动词形式不变
e.g.What do you study？你学习什么？
The teacher asks what you study？
老师问你学习什么？
（2）does→去掉→动词加s或es
e.g.Where does the boy goon Sunday？
那男孩星期天去哪里？
The girl wants to know where the boy goeson Sunday.
（3）did→去掉→动词变成过去式
e.g.How many books did you buyyesterday？
你昨天买了几本书？
I ask how many books you boughtyesterday？
我问你昨天买了几本书？
（4）助动词is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall, can, may, must等，挪到主语之后。
e.g.Which class are you in？
你在哪一个班？
The teacher asks which class you are in？
那个老师问你你在哪个班。
（5）don’t, didn’t, doesn’t不能去掉，要挪到主语之后。
e.g.Why didn’t you comeyesterday？
为什么你昨天没有来？
The boy asks why you didn’t comeyesterday.
那个男孩问你昨天为什么没有来。
（三）时态。时态变化与陈述句，一般疑问句作宾语从句的变化相同。其中特别要注意主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态。我们来看几个句子。
e.g.What are they eating？
他们在吃什么？
I wantedto know what they were eating.
我想知道他们在吃什么？
How long has he stayedthere？
他在那里呆了多久？
She askedhow long he had stayed there.
她问他在那里呆了多久。
特别提示：
当主句中的谓语动词是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider等时，宾语从句的引导词常是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑问词，经常将这类引导词置于句首。
e.g.Whodo you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year？
你认为今年大众会选谁作为他们最喜爱的歌手？
Whatdo you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day？
你建议我们该为感恩节准备点什么？
4．哪些词可以接宾语从句
（1）接宾语从句的动词：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的。
常用必背：
可带宾语从句的常见动词有：
hope希望tell告诉say说think认为 consider 认为imagine 想象 expect 期望suppose猜测guess 猜测know 知道 hear 听说wonder想知道
（2）动词短语有的也可带宾语从句
常见的这类词有：
make sure 确保 make up one’s mind下定决心
keep in mind牢记
e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在你上交试卷前要确保没有任何错误。
We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.
我们应当牢记体育运动不但可以增强我们的体质，而且还能健全我们的人格。
（3）需用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
① 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式
宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
e.g.I think itnecessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel ita pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。
② 有些动词跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有hate, take, owe, have,
see to等。
e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
特别提示：如若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。
e.g.We all consider what you saidto the unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
We discovered what we had learnedto be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的是有用的。
（4）介词的宾语从句
wh-类引导的介词宾语从句
一般情况下介词后跟wh-类引导的宾语从句。
e.g.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞机是如何升入太空的。
that引导的介词宾语从句
偶尔可见到except, but, besides三个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句的情况。
e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一无所知。
（5）形容词的宾语从句
常可引导宾语从句的形容词有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied（满意的），sorry等。
e.g.I’m sure that they’ll make it in spite of the terrible weather.
我确信不管天气如何，他们会取得成功的。
I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book.
真是对不起我弄丢了你的书。
We’re all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.
真是高兴我们再次战胜了困难。
I’m not sure whether they’ll agree with such a plan.
我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。
注意：用that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it代替，然后将that从句放在最后。
e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
请你相信我，我总会帮助你的。
今天我们复习了宾语从句，宾语从句最主要注意就是我们上面提到的三大问题。即：连接词的问题、语序的问题、时态的问题。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语有很大的区别。在复习直接引语和间接引语中我们会讲这个区别。不要把宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语混为一体。
三、典型例题讲解
例题1．—Could you please tell me ________？
—Certainly.
A．what should I do to improve my English
B．how can I get to the reading room
C．what she is looking for
D．when shall we have a parents’ meeting
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序，而选项A、B和D都是疑问语序，故排除，由句意可知正确答案为C项。
答案：C
例题2．I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’t finish working until ten o’clock.
A．thatB．if C．what D．why
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的用法。由下文“我承诺带你去吃饭，但是我直到十点才能完成工作。”可知此处由that引导宾语从句，故选A项。
答案：A
例题3．—Can you guess ________ the new Nike sports shoes？
—Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.
A．how he paid forB．where he bought
C．when he paid for D．why he bought
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的连接词。how“怎样”；where“哪里”；when“什么时候”；why“为什么”。由下句“也许他让他爷爷支付的”可知，对方询问如何支付新耐克运动鞋。故选A。
答案：A
四、备考策略
宾语从句是初中阶段学习的一个主要内容，近几年中考中出现的内容较多，宾语从句的重点在三大方面，一是上下句的语境翻译，二是语序，三是时态。这三个问题弄清楚了，题目就容易做了。
练习试题：
( )1. (达州)—Could you please tell me________“The Readers”, a TV programme hosted by Dong Qing?
—Well, it is fun and teaches us a lot of knowledge.
A.how do many people like B.how many people watch
C.why many people like D.when many people watch
( )2. (内江)—Could you please tell me________for travelling this summer?
—We plan to go to the Great Wall.
A.how will your family go B.how your family will go
C.where your family will go D.where will your family go
( )3. (南充) —Could you please tell me________?
—Sorry, I don’t know.You may ask Mr. Black over there.
A.who does the robot belong to B.who the robot belongs to
C.who did the robot belong to D.who the robot belonged to
( )4. (青岛)—I don’t know________tomorrow.
—You can ask our teacher right now.
A.if we take the bus there B.when will we leave
C.what will we do D.how we will go there
( )5. (安徽)—I wonder________Jane gets on so well with her classmates.
—Because she always cares much about others.
A.whether B.how C.when D.why
( )6. (成都)—How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me________?
—Thanks.I bought it on Taobao.
A. where you bought it
B. when you bought it
C.why you bought it
( )7. (苏州) —Do you know________?
—We can try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things.
A.why can we live a green life B.how can we live a green life
C.why we can live a green life D.how we can live a green life
( )8. (潮州)—Could you tell me________you’d like me to pay you?
—You’d better use mobile payment.I don’t care________it is AliPay or WeChat Pay.
A.how; whether B.how; why C.what; whether D.what; why
( )9. (浙江)—Do you know________?
—Yes. They’re from New York.
A.what do the tourists do B.where the tourists are from
C.what the tourists do D.where are the tourists from
( )10. (泸州)—Could you tell me________yuanxiao in China?
—Usually at the Lantern Festival.
A.when people eat B.how people eat
C.when do people eat D.how do people eat
( )11. (九江)—Is there anything else you want to know about China?
—Yes, I am still wondering________.
A.how the Chinese paper cutting made
B.why the Chinese people like the dragon dance
C.how was the Great Wall built in ancient times
D.why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at the Dragon Boat Festival
( )12. (江西)—Your head teacher has set up a WeChat group.
Could you tell me________?
—It is more convenient to communicate with our parents.
A.when it was set up B.why did he set up
C.what it is used for D.how did he set up
( )13. (梅州)—Could you please tell me________?
—At 8:00 p.m.
A.when the train will leave B.when will the train leave
C.where the train will go D.where will the train go
( )14. (资阳)—Do you know________?
—It’s about two kilometers.
A. how long does it take to finish the work
B. B.how far it is from his home to school
C.how long it takes to finish the work
D.how far is it from his home to school
( )15. (德阳)—What did Tom say to you just now, John?
—He asked________.
A. why I am so happy today
B. B.what will I do for the weekend
C.who did I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight
( )16. (乐山)I don’t know________he will come or not this afternoon.
A.what B.when C.whether D.why
( )17. (雅安)—Do you know________in class?
—Sorry, I didn’t go to school, either.
A.what he said B.what did he say C.what he says D.what does he say
( )18. (凉山州)—Can you tell me________to London?
—Sure. Next month.
A.when you will travel B.when will you travel
C.when you traveled D.when did you travel
( )19. (广东)—Can you tell me________?
—He lives in Shanghai.
A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live
C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live
( )20. (无锡)You do not win respect by showing________you are, but what you’re
able to do.
A.where B.who C.how D.when
( )21. (江苏徐州)We must find out_______the professor is coming，so we can book a
room for him.
A. how B. why C. when D. where
( )22. (江苏镇江)—Our graduation party will be on June 28.
—That"s wonderful! Could you tell me ________？
A. if all of our teachers joined us
B. where will it be held
C. who will give the performances
D. that we should wear school uniforms
( )23. (江苏南通)—Could you tell me ________？
—It"s about how a group of superheroes try to save humans.
A. when was the film AvengersAssemble3 shown
B. when the film AvengersAssemble3 was shown
C. what story the film AvengersAssemble3 tells us
D. what story the film AvengersAssemble3 told us
( )24. (江苏淮安)—Excuse me，would you please tell me ________ the nearest post
office?
—Certainly. Walk across the road and turn right，and you"ll see it.
A. when can I get to B. when I can get to
C. how can I get to D. how I can get to
( )25. (江苏常州)—Can you describe________？
—Yes. I was walking when a bike knocked me down from behind.
A. why did the accident happen B. when did the accident happen
C. how the accident happened D. where the accident happened
( )26. (江苏无锡)You do not win respect by showing ________ you are，but what
you"re able to do.
A. where B. who C. how D. when
( )27. (江苏无锡)—I don"t care ________. In this camp，there"s only one hairstyle—
short! Understand?
—Yes，madam!
A. what you are used to liking
B. what you used to be like
C. what are you used to liking
D. what did you use to be like
( )28. (江苏连云港)—Do you know ________？
—On July 15th. So after the exam，you can enjoy most of the matches.
A. when will the 2018 Football World Cup end
B. when the 2018 Football World Cup will end
C. where will the 2018 Football World Cup be held
D. where the 2018 Football World Cup will be held
( )29. (江苏苏州)—Do you know ________？
—We can try to produce less waste，reuse or recycle things.
A. why can we live a green life
B. how can we live a green life
C. why we can live a green life
D. how we can live a green life
( )30. (江苏泰州)—Could you please tell me ________？
—Last month.
A. how long Daniel has been away from Taizhou
B. how long Daniel stayed in Taizhou
C. when Daniel will come back to Taizhou
D. when Daniel left Taizhou
( )31. (江苏宿迁)—Could you tell me ________？
—In five minutes，at 10：25.
A. when did the next underground arrive
B. when the next underground arrived
C. when will the next underground arrive
D. when the next underground will arrive
( )32. (江苏盐城)—Could you tell me ________？
—Oh，she is the world"s first robot citizen，Sophia.
A. what the tall girl is B. what is the tall girl
C. who the tall girl is D. who is the tall girl
( )33. (江苏南京)Which of the following sentences has an object clause?
A. His mother called him Robbie when he was a baby.
B. On Mars you might see people who wear special boots.
C. Mr. Green tells us that we"d better use the Internet properly.
D. Our life has improved because the environment is getting better.
( )34. (重庆B卷)—Could you please tell me ________？
—In two weeks.
A. when did he come back
B. how soon will he come back
C. when he came back
D. how soon he will come back
( )35. (天津)—Please tell me ________.
—At ten o"clock.
A. where you have your English lesson
B. where do you have your English lesson
C. what time you have your English lesson
D. what time do you have your English lesson
( )36. (湖北襄阳)—Could you tell me ________？
—Sure. I"ll come back in three days.
A. when will you come back
B. how long have you stay there
C. why you went there
D. how soon you will come back
( )37. (山东潍坊)We were all disappointed at ________.
A. what does the boy say
B. what the boy says
C. what did the boy say
D. what the boy said
( )38. (湖北孝感)—Excuse me. I am doing a survey. May I know ________ to pay?
—About five times a week.
A. when you choose WeChat
B. whether did you try WeChat
C. how often you use WeChat
D. why do you prefer WeChat
( )39. (甘肃武威)What lovely flowers! Could you please tell me ________？
A. why did you get them
B. where you got them
C. when will you get them
D. how will you get them
( )40. (湖北武汉)—I wonder ________.
—I"m not sure yet.
A. which is hers B. which hers is
C. whether is it hers D. whether hers it is
( )41. (宁夏)—Do you know ________？
—Since last year.
A. how long has he lived here
B. how long he lived here
C. how long did he live here
D. how long he has lived here
( )42. (山东莱芜)—You came back from Beijing yesterday. Could you tell me ________？
—I went there by train.
A. how you went there
B. who you went with
C. what you think of the trip
D. if you enjoy the trip
( )43. (辽宁盘锦)Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. Many people wonder where has time gone.
B. Alice asked me what I do for waste sorting (垃圾分类)．
C. Could you tell me how far was it from here to your school?
D. I don"t know whether he will be back in week.
( )44. (吉林长春)—Your bicycle is so nice. Could you tell me ________？
—Of course. At the shop near my home.
A. where you buy it
B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it
D. where did you buy it
( )45. (黑龙江哈尔滨)—Could you tell me ________？
—I"m not sure. Maybe this weekend.
A. how we"ll clean up the city park
B. where shall we clean up the city park
C. when we"ll clean up the city park
( )46. (甘肃兰州)Could you please tell me ________？
A. where are you from
B. how can I get there
C. what"s the matter with you
D. where does he live
( )47. (辽宁辽阳)—Pardon me. I wonder ________.
—I"m not sure. Maybe by bus.
A. how he likes this new book
B. how Mrs Smith fixed up her umbrella
C. how you can make fruit salad
D. how the students will get to the farm
( )48. (辽宁沈阳)—Tom，I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh，I want to know ________ at the party.
A. who do you meet B. who you meet
C. who did you meet D. who you met
( )49. (云南)—I don"t know ________ during the summer vacation. Any advice?
—How about doing some parttime jobs?
A. what should I do B. where should I go
C. what I should do D. where I should go
( )50. (内蒙古呼和浩特)—Many people talk about “Didi”. I really wonder ________.
—Just call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone.
A. how can I use it
B. how I can use it
C. why people use it
D. why do people use it
参考答案
1-5 CCBDD 6-10 ADABA 11-15 BCABD 16-20 CAAAB
21-25 CCCDC 26-30 BBBDD 31-35 DCCDC 36-40 DDCBA
41-45 DADCC 46-50 CDDCB
