从两个角度讲清that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别
一、that是否作成分
that在定语从句中充当成分,而在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅起连接作用。
The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.
The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
以上两句先行词都是the rumor,引导词都是that。但a句中的that在从句he spread everywhere中作spread的宾语。故a句中that引导的是定语从句。b句中的that在从句Tom was a thief中不作任何成分,故b句中that引导的是同位语从句,作the rumor的同位语,补充说明the rumor的具体内容。
The fact that we talked about is very important. (that作 talk about的宾语,定语从句)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. (that不充当成分,同位语从句)
二、从句的作用
定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述、限制的作用;同位语从句相当于一个名词,它是前面名词的内容的具体表述,与前面名词是同位关系。
The news that you heard is not true. (定语从句)
The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theatre is true. (同位语从句)
The fact which you pointed out made me interested. (定语从句)
The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. (同位语从句)