宾语从句、定语从句和感叹句
一、宾语从句
一、什么是宾语从句？
试比较 Weknowhim. 简单句
主 谓 宾
Weknowhe likes English. 复合句
主 谓 主 谓 宾
宾
宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语
⑴ 由that引导的宾语从句
如I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。
⑵ 由whether和if引导的宾语从句
① if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示"是否"
② if/whether可互换, 但whether…or not为固定搭配.
如I wonderif/whether she is right .
They didn"t know whetherTom could come back or not .
⑶ 原句如果是特殊疑问句，变宾语从句时要用用特殊疑问词引导
疑问代词：who,whom,what,which,whose （在从句中做成分）
疑问副词：when,where,why,how （在从句中不做成分）
Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?
Can you tell mewhere the No.3 bus stop is?
I don"t know why the train is late.
2、 宾语从句中的时态
如The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
三、宾语从句的语序
陈述句的语序，即是"主语在前，谓语在后"的顺序。
如Danny says that he will learn English.
Do you know where he camefrom?
Please tell me howI can get to the bus station .
四、总结
that
引导词
if/whether
宾语从句三要素时态
语序：陈述句语序
随堂练习
1. ---Could you tell me _______she is looking for?
---Her cousin,Susan.
A.that B.whose C .who D.which
2. He is not sure ________ to watch TV or go to bed.
A. if B. whether C. that D. /
3. --- Do you know ______ tomorrow？--- At 8 o"clock.A. when did she come B. when she cameC. when will she come D. when she will come
4. ---Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me ______?
---She is in the classroom.
A. where Linda was B. where is Linda
C. where was Linda D. where Linda is
5. I don"t know _______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I"ll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
二、定语从句
I like musicthat/whichI can sing along with.
I prefer moviesthat/whichgive me something to think about.
She likes musicianswho/thatplay different kinds of music.
1、 定语从句的概念
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 连接定语从句的词叫关系词。
2、 关系代词的用法
如果先行词是人用who/that连接; 如果先行词是物用that/which连接。
注意：如果关系词在从句中做宾语可以省略. 如果关系词在从句中做主语不能省略。
Mary likes musicthat is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat (thput on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
1. who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
The man(who) I talked with is our teacher.
Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music.
2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book .
Its cover is red.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
三、关系词只能用that的情况
①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰
He was the first person that passed the exam.
②被修饰ll, any, much，many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时
Is there anythingthat you want to buy in the shop？
③先行only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时
This is the same bike that I lost.
④先行词里同时含有人或物时
I can rememberll the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying？
随堂练习
1. I like singers _____write their own songs.
A. who B. what C. when D. which
2. Tom is the man about ____I talked yesterday.
A. why B. that C. whom D. where
3. He likes the movies ______ have monsters.
A. / B. which C. who D. where
4. She is the person ______hair is black.
A. that B. whom C. who D. whose
5. The robbers shouted, "Hands up! I"ll shoot anyone ______moves!"
A.whom B.that C.who D.whose
6. The boy _____ parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.
A. whose B. who C. his D./
7.The man_______ is smoking is a bus driver.
A. whom B. who C. which D. what
三、感叹句
① 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。一般来说，感叹句是由 what 或 how引导，句末用感叹句。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词。
1) _______ delicious food it is!
2) _______ delicious the food is!
② 感叹句的解题方法："一找、二断、三辨、四确定"
一找：找出句子的主语和谓语
二断：从句子的主语部分断开
三辨：辨别主语前面那个词的词性
四确定: 主语前面的那个词是形容词则用how; 是可数名词单数，用what a/an;
是可数名词复数或不可数名词用what
随堂练习
⑴ _______ food you"ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
⑵ _______ terrible weather we"ve been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
⑶ _______ beautiful day it is! Let"s go and have a picnic in the park.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
⑷ _______ great news it is! We"ll have a school trip next week.
A. What a B. What C. How D. How an
⑸ ---With the help of doctors, the boy can see again.
---_______ he is!
A. What luckily B. What a luck C. How lucky D.How a luck
综合练习
1. Can you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
2. I didn"t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether C. weather D. how
3. I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
4. The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
5. I don"t know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I"ll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
6. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
7. No one tells us______， so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
8．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
9. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who"s B. whose C. that D. of which
10. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.
A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was
11. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
12. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
13. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.
A. that B. as C. who D. which
14. _______ dangerous the animals are !
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
15. _______ exciting film we saw yesterday !
A. What a B. How a C. How an D. What an
