加强语气的倒装句

倒装

I 我们通常使用的句子语序是自然语序，

即：主语+谓语

但有时谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前

面,即采用倒装语序，即：谓语+主语

采用倒装语序,或是语法结构的需要,或是

为了强调。倒装语序又分为部分倒装和全

部倒装两种。

一、 部分倒装

部分倒装是把谓语中的一部分，如助动词

、情态动词或系动词be，放在主语前面,其

余部分仍在主语后面。

如：

1. Never had the Browns had any

experience like that.(助动词)

2. Only in this way can we work out the

physics problem.(情态动词)

3. Not only is he a singer,but(also) he

is a dancer.(系动词be)

二、全部倒装

全部倒装是句子中没有助动词、情态动词

或系动词be时,谓语动词要放在主语的前

面。

如：

1. Here comes the bus.

2. Here is the very book you want.

3. Up went the arrow into the sky.

4. The door opened and in came a

group of soldiers.

5. In front of me lay the whole valley.

◆ 注意

如果主语是人称代词,则主谓不倒装。

如：

Here he comes.

Away they went.

Here you are.

II 英语中的倒装也可以分为语法性倒装,这

是由于语法上的需要而必须倒装的句子,还

有一种是修饰性的倒装,这些句子是特别加

以强调的。

一、语法性的倒装

1. 各种疑问句的倒装

① Are you against the plan?

②Is he your brother" s best friend?

③Do you like playing football or

basketball after school?

④Did you get to school on time since

you got up late yesterday?

⑤What do you like best?

⑥When were you born?

◆ 注意

如果主语是由一个疑问词表示的或修饰的,

语序不变。

①Who did it?

疑问词who是主语,语序不变

②How many students in your school

joined the army?

主语 students由 how many修饰,语序不变

2. there be句型中的倒装 , 在此句型中,

there是引导词,动词be后才是真正的主

语。因此无论是在陈述句中还是疑问句

中,主语总是在谓语之后。

① There is little water left.

② There were no schools or hospitals

before.

③ Is there any ink in the bottle?

3. 直接引语中的倒装

①直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,

它的主语(说话人)和谓语(引述动词)常要

倒装。

如：

" Will you please carry it for me? "said

the old man.

② 但当主语是代词或谓语含有助动词时,

一般不倒装。另外，如果谓语比主语长,

或者它后面有宾语时，一般也不倒 装 。

如：

"He is a liar. You can" t trust him. " Tom

said to me in a whisper.

4. 省略if 的虚拟语气条件句中的倒装

if引导的虚拟语气条件句中如含有助动词

were, should和had时,可使用倒装, 一般

表述与事实相反的情况 。

即：

Were/ Should/Had+主语 + ……

=If+主语+were/ should/had+……

当if省略时,助动词were, should和had

要倒装到主语之前去;而if不省路时,主语

和助动词用正常语序。

如：

①Were you a fish, the cat would eat

you.

= If you were a fish, the cat would eat

you.

② Had you my troubles, you would

despair.

= If you had my troubles, you would

despair.

③ Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay

at home.

= If it should rain tomorrow, I shall

stay at home.

5. so, nor, neither用于句首时，说明前

面一句话中谓语表示的情况也适用于另外

一个(些)人或物时,句子要用倒装。倒装句

中的助动词、情态动词、系动词be等要和

前一句话的一致。

① so用于肯定句 , 结构为：

So+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语

如：

* A: I have had my breakfast.

B: So have I

* A:LiMing can speak three languages.

B: So can I.

② nor / neither用于否定句 ，结构为：

Neither/Nor+be(have,助动词或情态动

词+主语

如：

*A: Will you go home this weekend?

B: No, and neither / nor will Li Ming.

6. as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装

① 形容词+as+主语+系动词be

如：

Young as he is. he knows a lot of things

8词)+as+主语+系动词

如：

King as he is. he is unhappy.

③ 副词+as+主语+动词

如：

Much as I like it. I won"t buy it.

④ 实义动调+as+主语+助动词

如：

Try as she does, she will never find it.

二、修辞性的倒装

除了话法性倒装之外,有些倒装是由于修

辞的原因而采用的,因此叫做修 辞性倒装

1. 否定词+助动词/be动词+主语

如：

* Barely does he have enough money

to live on.

= He barely has enough oney to live on.

*By no means is translation easy

=Translation is by no means easy.

◆常见的放在句首的否定词

by no means 决不

in no case

in no circumstances

under no circumstances

hardly，seldom 几乎不

no sooner..(than)一……就……

never从不

not only... but also….不但……而且

* Hardly had he seen me when he ran

away

* Scarcely had the baby cried when the

nurse rushed to carry him .

* No sooner had they reached home

than it rained more and more heavily.

* Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.

2. 以here,there, then,now,thus,such,

so,out,in,up,down,away等副词(短语为

首的句子中,要倒装以表示特别强调的语

气。

如：

* Then came the time we had been

looking forward to.

* Out rushed the boy.

3. only+副词/ 副词短语/ 状语从句+be/

助动词/ 情态动词+主语

如：

* Only then did I realize I made such

a big mistake

* Only in this way can you work it out.

* Only when one loses heaith does one

know its value.

注意：only如果强调的是主语时,不倒装。

如：

Only his mother was Invited.

4. 频度副词always, often,once出现在

句首时,句子要倒装。

如：

* Often did we warn them not to do so.

* Always will we remember the import-

ance of the meeting

5. 其他情况

为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状

语,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,需要倒装

如：

* The soldiers arrived at a house, in front

of which sat a small boy.