关于夏天的语法 休闲和放松

In the United States, summer is a time when students can have fun, rest, and relax -- at least those not attending summer school. In many countries around the world, summer is also a time to take long vacations or short trips to beautiful places.

在美国，夏天是学生们可以娱乐、休息和放松的时候——至少对那些没有上暑期学校的学生来说是这样。在世界上的很多国家中，夏天是一个去美丽的地方度长假或者短途旅行的好时候。

In today"s Everyday Grammar, we will explore the grammar of rest, relaxation, and summer fun. You will learn how the verb have plays a central part in describing fun times.

在今天的《每日语法》中，我们将探讨有关休息、放松和夏日娱乐的语法。你将学习动词"have"是如何在描述有趣的时光中起核心作用的。

Let"s begin with a few important ideas. Have is an unusual verb.

让我们从几个重要的想法开始。Have是一个不常见的动词。

It can act as a main verb, as in: We had fun! Or it can act as an auxiliary verb, as in:

它可以作主动词，例如：We had fun！（我们玩得很愉快！）或者它可以用作助动词，例如：

I have visited this place many times. For today"s report, let"s only explore have in its use as a main verb.

I have visited this place many times。（我去过这个地方很多次了。）在今天的报道中，我们只讨论have作为主动词的用法。

One common structure is have + a noun phrase. A noun phrase is a group of words that act like a noun in a sentence.

一个常见的结构是"have +名词短语"。名词短语是一组词，在句子中起名词的作用。

Have + a noun phrase can mean to own or possess something. But it can also have other meanings that are very commonly used.

"have +名词短语"可以表示拥有或占有某物。但是它也可以有其他常用的意思。

Many of these meanings express fun and relaxation. When people go on trips, or even have time to relax at home, they are often more careful about preparing and eating meals.

这些意思中有很多表达了乐趣和放松。当人们去旅行、甚至有时间在家里放松的时候，他们往往更能精心准备食物，正常饮食。

Students who do not have to hurry to school may be more likely to have a big breakfast. Or perhaps families on trips take more care to have large dinners.

那些不用赶时间上学的学生可能更有可能吃一顿丰盛的早餐。或者旅行中的家庭可能更关注吃大餐。

In any of these cases, the structure have + a noun phrase can mean to eat or drink something. For example, a person might say any of the following:

在这些情况下，结构"have +名词短语"可以表示吃或喝某物。例如，一个人可能会说以下任何一句话：

Do you want to have lunch? I"d like to have a snack.

你想吃午饭吗？我想要吃点点心。

Have + a noun phrase can take on other meanings, too. One meaning is to enjoy something.

"have +名词短语"也可以有其他的意思。一个意思是享受某事。

So, young people could describe a situation in which they had fun, or had a good time, or even had a blast. The three statements are nearly the same in meaning, with have a blast being the strongest statement of them all.

所以，年轻人可以用这几句话描述他们玩得很开心：they had fun，had a good time，had a blast。这三句话的意思几乎相同，其中have a blast是感觉最强烈的。

Consider this example: Parent: How was your day?

考虑一下这个例子：父亲：今天过得怎么样？

Did you play with your friends? Child: Yes! I went to Teddy"s house, and we had a blast!

你和你的朋友玩了吗？孩子：是的！我去了泰迪家，我们玩得超开心！

Parent: What did you do? Child: We set fire to a …

父亲：你们做了什么？孩子：我们放火烧了……

Parent: You did what? Child: Just kidding!

父亲：你们放了火？孩子：开个玩笑！

On summer trips, families and others finally get a chance to do something fun or different. This leads us to the final meaning of have + a noun phrase: to get a chance or the time to do something.

在夏季旅行中，家人和其他人终于有机会做一些有趣或不同的事情。这就引出了"have +名词短语"的最后一个意思：得到机会或时间去做某事。

The most common expressions are have a chance or have time. Consider these two examples:

最常用的表达是have a chance(有机会)或have time(有时间)。考虑以下两个例子：

When I go on summer vacation, I will have a chance to read books and play video games. When I take a vacation from work, I will have time to see friends and go hiking!

放暑假的时候，我将有机会读书和玩电子游戏。当我休假的时候，我就有时间去看朋友和远足了！

While the examples we explored today are about summer vacations or trips, you can use these structures to talk about all kinds of fun and relaxing times and activities.

虽然我们今天探讨的例子是关于暑假或旅行，你可以用这些结构来谈论各种有趣和放松的时间和活动。

English grammar can be fun… especially when you use grammar lessons to talk about great times! I"m John Russell.

英语语法可以很有趣，尤其是当你用语法课来谈论美好时光的时候！约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。