单词都认识 句子搞不懂？2019.12六级真题长难句分析

2019年12月六级真题长难句分析

1. Recent research has also shown that indulging in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory deficits.

【分析】

本句主干是“Recent research has also shown…”,其后为that引导的宾语从句，动名词结构indulging in a high-fat and high-sugar diet为从句主语，谓语部分为may have，宾语effects后接后置定语on your brain，动词现在分词短语causing learning and memory deficits作从句的伴随状语。

【译文】

最近的研究还表明，沉迷于高脂肪和高糖饮食可能会对大脑产生负面影响，导致学习和记忆受损。

2. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory similar to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.

【分析】

本句主干是“Another study also found…”,其后为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，动名词结构eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days为从句主语，resulted in为谓语部分，宾语problems有两个后置定语：介宾结构with learning and memory以及形容词短语similar to those observed in overweight and obese individuals。

【译文】

另一项研究还发现，每天吃一顿高脂肪、高糖的早餐，在区区四天内就会导致学习和记忆方面的问题，这与超重和肥胖者的情况相似。

3. Now a new study has provided another contribution to the debate, uncovering strong evidence that adolescent wellbeing in the United States really is experiencing a decline and arguing that the most likely cause is the electronic riches we have given them.

【分析】

本句主干是“…a new study has provided another contribution…”。Now 是时间状语，to the debate是contribution的后置定语。并列的动词现在分词短语“uncovering…a decline”和“arguing…given them”作伴随状语。第一个现在分词短语中包含that引导的同位语从句，说明名词evidence的具体内容；第二个现在分词短语中包含两个从句，第一个是that引导的宾语从句，该从句中还有一个定语从句we have given them，修饰名词短语the electronic riches。

【译文】

现在，一项新的研究为这场辩论贡献了另外的依据，揭示了有力证据，表明美国青少年幸福感确实正在下降，并认为最有可能的原因是我们给予他们的电子财富。

4. However, the “screen time” hypothesis, advanced by researchers such as Jean Twenge, is that electronic devices and excessive time spent online may have reversed these trends in recent years, causing problems for young people’s psychological health. 【分析】

本句主干是“…the ‘screen time’ hypothesis…is…”，中间的插入语advanced by researchers such as Jean Twenge的作用相当于一个定语从句，修饰说明hypothesis，主句系动词is之后是that引导的表语从句，从句中的causing problems for young people’s psychological health为伴随状语。

【译文】

然而，让·特文格等研究人员提出的“屏幕时间”假设是，近年来，电子设备和过多的在线时间可能扭转了这些趋势，给年轻人的心理健康带来了问题。

5. The data was slightly complicated by the fact that there was a tendency for kids who were social in the real world to also use more online communication, but by bracketing out different cases it became clear that the real-world sociality component correlated with greater wellbeing, whereas greater time on screens or online only correlated with poorer wellbeing.

【分析】

本句主干是“The data was slightly complicated…，but…it became clear…”，即该句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有多个复合句：that引导的同位语从句说明fact的内容，定语从句who were social in the real world，修饰名词kids。第二个并列分句中，by bracketing out different cases为方式状语，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，该主语从句又包含两个由whereas连接的并列分句，第一个并列分句是the real-world sociality component correlated with greater wellbeing，第二个并列分句是whereas之后的部分。

【译文】

数据稍微复杂了一点儿，因为现实中喜欢社交的孩子们也倾向于进行更多的在线交流，但把不同的例子放在一起就可以清楚地看到，现实世界社交能力与更高的幸福感相关，而在屏幕上或网络上花更多的时间只与更差的幸福指数相关。

6. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else’s perspective to manipulate them.

【分析】

本句主干是“Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone…”, like crawling and walking为milestone的后置定语，其后是because引导的原因状语从句，该从句的主干为it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability，其后的动词不定式短语to see a situation from someone else’s perspective to manipulate them作ability的后置定语。

【译文】

一些专家甚至将说谎视为如同爬行和行走一样的发展里程碑，因为它需要复杂的计划、注意力以及从他人角度观察情势的能力来驾驭这些行为。

7. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars—suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.

【分析】

本句主干是“…he found…”，之前的For a follow-up analysis是介词短语作状语，found之后是that引导的宾语从句，其主干是“people…were also more likely to be among the group of liars”，该从句又包含多个从句，主语people之后是定语从句whose neural reward centres were more active，when引导的从句作时间状语，而破折号后的伴随状语部分中还包含that引导的宾语从句。

【译文】

在后续的分析中，他发现，那些在赢钱时神经奖励中心更为活跃的人，也更可能是说谎者之一——表明说谎可能与无法抵御诱惑有关。

8. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous—and underestimated—faults.

【分析】

本句主干是“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance…”,其中谓语动词gives后接间接宾语area residents and emergency responders和直接宾语a chance，其后的动词不定式短语作a chance的后置定语。in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami为目的状语，其后的along one of the nation’s dangerous—and underestimated—faults为后置定语，修饰earthquake and tsunami。

【译文】

卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一次机会，让他们练习如何应对沿着美国其中一个危险且未受到足够重视的断层发生的9.0级地震和海啸。

9. To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other scenarios.

【分析】

本句主干是“…first responders will join members…”。主干之前是动词不定式结构To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe作目的状语，of the public是宾语members的后置定语，“in rehearsals that…”是宾语补足语，其中包含that引导的定语从句，修饰说明rehearsals。

【译文】

为了防止地震演变成一场大劫难，第一响应者们将与公众一道进行演习，模拟联络、疏散、搜索、救援以及其他场景。

10. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will determine the everyday lives and health of the coming generations.

【分析】

本句主干是“…the decisions…will determine the everyday lives and health…”。句首What is more important是评注性状语，that we make now about the design of our cities是限制性定语从句，修饰the decisions。of the coming generations是后置定语，修饰the everyday lives and health。

【译文】

更重要的是，我们现在做出的城市设计决策将决定未来几代人的日常生活和健康状况。

11. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is generated, while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne particles as they wear out.

【分析】

本句主干是“The level of emissions…will depend on…while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne particles…”。while连接两个并列句表示对比，they cause是省略that的限制性定语从句，修饰the level of emissions。how the electricity to run them is generated是宾语从句，作depend on的宾语。as they wear out是时间状语从句。

【译文】

它们产生排放的水平将取决于运行电力的产生方式，而刹车、轮胎和道路在磨损时都会产生微小的空气悬浮颗粒。

12. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its peak and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this trend, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams.

【分析】

本句主干是“Researchers are already asking…but transport planners have yet to catch up with this trend…”,其中but连接两个并列句表示转折。if motor vehicle use has reached its peak and will decline是宾语从句，作asking的宾语。instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams是让步状语。

【译文】

研究人员已在询问机动车辆的使用是否已达高峰并将下降，但交通规划人员有待跟上这一趋势，而不是铺设新路来解决交通堵塞。

13. If you’re moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, you’re probably not an extreme athlete.

【分析】

本句主干是“…you’re probably not an extreme athlete.”。句首If you’re moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week是条件状语从句，as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends是方式状语从句，150 minutes a week和or less than that是介词for的并列宾语。

【译文】

如果你按照美国疾病控制与预防中心的建议，每周适度锻炼150分钟，或者少于150分钟，你可能不算是极限运动员。

14. In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles.

【分析】

本句主干是“…Starr recently conducted a small study…”。along with her colleague Connie Bales是伴随状语，“that found…”是限制性定语从句，修饰a small study, “that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals…strengthened their muscles”是宾语从句，该宾语从句中，主干是“adding extra protein foods to the diet…strengthened their muscles”，其中who were trying to lose weight是限制性定语从句，修饰obese older individuals。

【译文】

事实上，斯塔尔和她的同事康妮·贝尔斯最近一起进行了一项小型研究，发现在试图减肥的肥胖老年人的饮食中添加额外的蛋白质食物增强了他们的肌肉。

15. “I always tell people to make sure they’re drinking enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.

【分析】

本句主干是“I always tell people to make sure they’re drinking enough fluids…”,其后which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day是非限制性定语从句，修饰主干。which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day是非限制性定语从句，修饰其前的定语从句。

【译文】

“我总是告诉人们要确保饮用足够的液体，”这对于普通人而言是每天60到70盎司，相当于每天8杯8盎司的水或液体。

16. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. 【分析】

本句主干是“…your attitudes are further refined by the behavior…”。As you acquire a distinctive identity是时间状语从句，of those是后置定语，with whom you identify是限制性定语从句，修饰those。your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people是those的同位语，you admire是限制性定语从句，修饰the people，even though you may not know them personally是让步状语从句。

【译文】

当具有鲜明个性时，你的态度会通过认同之人的行为得到进一步完善，而认同之人包括家人、性别和文化相同人士以及你崇拜的人，即使自己可能并不认识他们。

17. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.

【分析】

本句主干是“…the information…also refines your attitudes.”。句首About that same time and throughout adulthood是时间状语，you receive是修饰the information的限制性定语从句，when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements是时间状语从句，you find attractive是修饰goals and achievements的限制性定语从句。

【译文】

大约在青春期的同一时间和整个成年期，你所接收的信息也会完善你的态度，尤其是那些与吸引自己的目标和成就相关的想法反复出现时。

18. That’s why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don’t behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.

【分析】

本句主干是“That’s why…”,其中“why…many say…but don’t behave...”是表语从句，they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise是say的宾语从句，“because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating…”是原因状语从句，that you believe something is a good idea是stating的宾语从句。

【译文】

举例来说，这就是为什么许多人表示他们相信回收利用或锻炼身体的好处，但其言行却不一致，因为这需要意识、努力和勇气，才能不仅仅只是说自己相信某事是个好主意。

19. It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents, which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem.

【分析】

本句主干是“It also highlights incidents…”。of fishing boats是incidents的后置定语，being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents是fishing boats的后置定语，which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem是非限制性定语从句。

【译文】

该研究还强调了涉及搁浅、石油泄漏和事故的渔船事件，这些对南极生态系统造成了严重威胁。

20. Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign said: “If the krill industry wants to show it’s a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic.”

【分析】

本句主干是“Frida Bengtsson…said…”,其中from Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign是主语的后置定语。引号内部分为直接引语，其中“it should be voluntarily getting out of any area…and should instead be backing the protection…”是直接引语中的主句，if the krill industry wants to show it’s a responsible player是直接引语中的条件状语从句，which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary是限制性定语从句，修饰限定area。

【译文】

来自绿色和平组织“保护南极”运动的弗里达·本特松说道：“如果磷虾产业想表明自己是负责任的参与者，那么它就应该主动走出正被拟议为海洋保护区的任何一块地区，并应该支持对南极这些巨大海域的保护。”

21. He said although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty.

【分析】

本句主干是“He said…”,其后是宾语从句。其中it was often happening是宾语从句中的主句，although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies是宾语从句中的让步状语从句，when these colonies were empty是限制性定语从句，修饰限定the season。

【译文】

他说道，尽管越靠近企鹅聚居地，捕鱼活动越多，但通常发生在繁殖季节快结束的时候，那时这些聚居地都是空的。

22. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.

【分析】

本句主干是“…research suggests…”。“that…people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects”是that引导的宾语从句，作suggests的宾语。“even without gadgets…”是让步状语，其后that understand our spoken commands是that引导的定语从句，修饰gadgets。as bizarre as it sounds是插入语。under certain circumstances作状语。

【译文】

但是，研究表明，即便是没有能理解我们口头指令的装置，在某些情况下，人们也会将日常物品人格化，尽管这听起来很奇怪。

23. When college students were reminded of a time they had been excluded in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities.

【分析】

本句主干为“…they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends…”。When college students were reminded of a time为When引导的时间状语从句，其中they had been excluded in a social setting为定语从句，修饰a time。破折号后的unless引导条件状语从句，在该条件状语从句中，包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词tasks。as if引导方式状语从句。

【译文】

当大学生们回忆起以前在社交场合被排挤的时候，他们会通过夸大好友数量来进行心理上的补偿——除非他们首先被要求完成一些任务，让他们与手机进行互动，就好像手机具有人类的特性一样。

24. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain.

【分析】

本句主干是“…they began to help other farmers in the area convert…”。In addition to引导状语。from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed 为方式状语。in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain为目的状语。

【译文】

除了以他们自己的85头奶牛来供应牛奶，他们开始帮助这个地区的其他农民从传统养殖转向认证的有机草饲养殖，从而进入枫山乳业的供应链。

25. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture.

【分析】

本句是一个“主谓宾补”的简单句，其中“谓宾补”是 call sth. sth.的结构，意为“称……是……”，宾语部分是动名词短语sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning，宾语补足语部分是a core piece of the company’s culture。

【译文】

约瑟夫将这种通过同行之间相互学习来分享知识体系的方式称作企业文化的核心部分。

26. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model.

【分析】

本句主干是“But Smith counters that…”，that引导的为宾语从句，该宾语从句的主干为grass-fed is the more cost-effective model，其中“if you factor in the hidden cost of…”为条件状语从句。

【译文】

但是史密斯反驳指出，如果你将政府玉米补贴、环境退化以及人们健康和动物福利的下降等因素的隐藏成本考虑进去，草饲经营才是更加划算的模式。

27. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside—at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.

【分析】

本句主干是“The best seek to alleviate the external pressures…”, 其中主语是The best，谓语是seek，to alleviate the external pressures是不定式作宾语。while doing表示“在……的同时”，作时间状语。破折号后是对前一句的解释说明。

【译文】

最好的学校是让学生具备更好地理解和应对外部世界能力的同时，设法减轻学生的外在压力——既能庇护他们，又能拓宽他们的眼界。

28. Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime—treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados—appear to have become almost routine at some state schools.

【分析】

本句主干是“Trips…appear to have become almost routine…”,其中that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime是定语从句，两个破折号之间的部分treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados是插入语，起举例说明作用。

【译文】

旅行，在许多成年人看来是终生难得的冒险——婆罗洲的徒步旅行、巴巴多斯的体育之旅——而在一些州立学校几乎成了家常便饭。

29. Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study.

【分析】

本句主干是“Rising temperatures and overfishing…could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction…”, 其中包含see sth. done的结构，表示“见证/导致某事发生”。in the pristine waters around the Antarctic为介词短语作后置定语，“by the end of…”作时间状语，“according to…”作方式状语。

【译文】

一项新的研究显示，到本世纪末，南极周围原始水域的温度升高和过度捕捞可能会导致王企鹅种群濒临灭绝。

30. But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems.

【分析】

本句主干是“…today’s report is the starkest warning…”,其中yet 表示“迄今”。 介词短语of the potentially devastating impact作后置定语，修饰warning。后面两个of表示从属关系。介词短语of climate change and human exploitation作后置定语，修饰impact。on表示“关于”。

【译文】

但是，今天的报告是迄今为止关于气候变化和人类开发对南极脆弱的生态系统潜在破坏性影响的最严厉警告。

31. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.

【分析】

本句主干是“Penguins…occupy higher levels…and they are…”。like other seabirds and marine mammals是插入语，起补充说明的作用。what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems中，what 是关系代词，引导表语从句。

【译文】

企鹅和其他海鸟以及海洋哺乳动物一样，在食物链中占据较高地位，它们被称作其生态系统的生物指标。