高二英语易错题大集结｜听说学霸也栽跟头

各位同学，高二上学期期中考试刚过，又到了几家欢喜几家愁的时刻了！不过不管你考试的结果如何，请记住，期中考试只是一个阶段性的诊断，其目的是为了检测你对于半个学期所学知识的一个掌握情况。所以如果你考得好，要巩固所学知识，下次考得更好； 没考好的同学，请跟随小u老师的指引，查漏补缺，看看高二到底有哪些重点知识是你要着重去了解的。

本文分成：单词部分，语法部分，阅读理解部分，语法填空部分还有短文改错部分。每个部分都配有详细讲解，还有2-3题配套练习（答案在文章最后）。希望小u老师的悉心整理的知识点可以对你有帮助！

单词部分

Alex’s real problem was that he _____ experience, so he showed a complete _____ confidence in the work.

A. lacked, lack of B. lacked of, lack C. lack, lack D. lacks, lacking

考点：词意辨析

解析：小u老师教学这么多年，对于lack这个词深有感触，因为每年高二的学生都在这个词上犯错，就算学霸也不例外。究其原因还是因为它的用法太多，而且考频很高。那我们就一起来再梳理一次它的用法吧！

（1）v. 缺乏 用法：lack sth. 缺乏某物

例句：It lacked the power of the Italian cars. 它没有意大利汽车那样的动力。

（2）n. 缺乏 用法：lack of sth. 缺乏某物

例句：Despite his lack of experience, he got the job. 尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。

（3）adj. 缺乏的 用法：be lacking in 缺乏某物

例句：She felt nervous, and is increasingly lacking in confidence about herself. 她感到紧张，对自己越来越缺乏信心。

（以上例句来自《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》外语教育与研究出版社）

根据其用法，第1个空是考动词的用法，是lack sth.，而且后面的showed体现了本题是一般过去时，所以只有A可以选。然后第2空是complete后面，所以放lack的名词，对应的是lack of的用法，因此进一步论证A是正确的。

举一反三（答案见文末，下同）：

1.（2016-2017高二上期中-十六中）The toy company l_________ money will be closed in no time.

2.（2015-2016高二上期中-培正） ____________（缺乏）experience, he can’t find a satisfying job.

3.（2015-2016高二上期中-省实）Due to a ________（缺乏）of working experience, he failed to get the job.

语法部分

非谓语动词

1. ________ to the sun, rain and wind for a long time, the stone split.

A. Expose B. Exposed C. Exposing D. To expose

考点：非谓语动词作状语

解析：碰到这样的题目和选项，同学们的第一反应就要想到非谓语动词，因为除了A选项之外，每个选项都是非谓语动词的基本形式，所以这里大概率考非谓语动词。然后句子主语the stone后面有谓语动词split（v. 分裂），根据“一简单句一谓语”的原则，就可以确定这个expose应该用非谓语动词。然后因为“暴露于”这个短语是be exposed to，所以变成非谓语之后，去掉be即可，所以填exposed。

易错点：很多同学如果靠语感解题，就容易选C，因为大家在刚接触非谓语的时候，更多的是见到doing开头的句子，而不是done开头的句子。由此可见，熟悉非谓语动词的解题步骤还是非常有必要的。

步骤梳理：

step 1. 判断该空考的非谓语是什么成分。

step 2. 如果考主语or宾语，就根据固定搭配来选to do或doing。

如果考定状补，就要看该动词的发出者，判断他们的关系是主动还是被动，然后在判断这个非谓语动词是发生在谓语动词的之前，同时，还是之后。（如下图所示）

举一反三：

1.（2016-2017高二上期中-执信）________ money, she had to do part-time jobs.

A. Lacked B. Lacking C. Lacking of D. Lacked in

2.（2015-2016高二上期中-二中）________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check

3. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth

A. run B. running C. being run D.to run

语法部分

部分倒装句

1. Hardly _____ when it began to rain.

A. has he arrived B. he has arrived C. had he arrived D. he had arrived

考点：部分倒装句

解析：通常来说，部分倒装句会使用单选题来考查。因为有选项可供参考，这极大降低了这个知识点难度。同学们可以先观察选项，发现选项有2个的语序和另外2个不一样，就是在考查倒装句，这样选择范围就缩小到了2个。然后往往这2个选项会出现时态上的差异，此时根据语境或者已知动词来选择正确的时态即可。

难点：部分倒装句中有两个关键词是需要特别注意的：hardly/scarcely… when … ; no sooner … than …（一 … 就 …），这两个关键词后面往往都是用过去完成时（如上题），记住这个规律可以极大提升我们的解题速度。

举一反三：

1. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.

A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finish D. had he finished

2. Scarcely ________ finished their homework ________ I came into the classroom.

A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they; when

3. So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.

A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer

语法部分

省略句

1. When first _____ in the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. was introduced B. introduced C. being introduced D. to introduce

考点：省略句

解析：省略句是高二必修5单元的一个语法点。通常在考试中是以单选题的形式考。如果你在审题的时候看到了连词+doing/done/to do的形式，就是碰到了省略句的考题。这种时候你只需要找到句子的主语，判断出主语和该空动词的主被动即可。本题的主语是these products，和introduce的关系是被动的（产品是被引进），所以只能选B.

小技巧：遇到连词+非谓语的省略句，牢记答案只会出在：to do,doing,done里面，其余形式均可以直接排除。

举一反三：

1. The footballer didn’t succeed in scoring, though _____ several chances by his team-mates.

A. was given B. being given C. giving D. given

2. No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless _____ very young.

A. having trained B. trained C. to be trained D. being trained

3. When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked

阅读理解

细节题

Einstein’s greatest role in the invention of the atomic bomb was signing a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt urging that the bomb be built because some physicists feared that Germany might be working on an atomic bomb. Among those concerned were physicists Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner. But Szilard and Wigner had no influence with those in power. So in July 1939 they explained the problem to someone who did: Albert Einstein. After talking with Einstein, in August 1939 Szilard wrote a letter to President Roosevelt with Einstein’s signature on it, which was delivered to Roosevelt in October 1939.

51. What can we learn about Szilard and Wigner?

A. They were not as influential as Einstein.

B. They were responsible for the invention of nuclear weapons

C. They had cheated their friend Albert Einstein.

D. They had an intention to destroy the world.

考点：细节理解题

解析：本题根据Szilard and Wigner，可以直接定位在第三段（上文）。 But Szilard and Wigner had no influence with those in power. So in July 1939 they explained the problem to someone who did: Albert Einstein. 告诉了我们，因为Szilard and Wigner 对于当权者没有影响力，因此他们向可以做到这一点的人-爱因斯坦求助，可以推测出爱因斯坦更有影响力。所以选择A.

易错分析：本题难点在于出题顺序和生单词。出题顺序方面，一般阅读理解第一题都是在第1或第2段，但是这一题在第3段中间部分，需要一点时间定位；另外这里也有生单词，比如in power“当权”；who did，这里的did指代的是前文的have influence。

举一反三：

Shortly before Christmas one year, a local flower shop offered a bouquet-a-month special. It seemed to be a great way to thank her for all of the flowers she had given me through the years. （2015-2016高一上期中培正）

66. The author bought her mother flowers to ____.

A. celebrate the coming Christmas

B. express thanks for what her mother had done

C. bring more flowers to her mother’s garden

D. arrange her mother’s new house

Superman, Spider-Man, Batman and Iron Man. There is no shortage of superheroes. You find them in comic books, on the TV and the big screen.

In a survey of fans by the sci-fi and fantasy website,SFX.co.uk,Batman,70 years old this year, was voted Britain"s favorite superhero.

Unlike many crime-fighting superheroes Batman has no special powers. He can"t fly like Superman or shoot a sticky web like Spider-Man.（2015-2016高一上期中-华附）

62. Batman differs from other superheroes in that_____.

A. He was not a born hero.

B. He had an unhappy childhood

C. He doesn’t have any special powers.

D. He does his best to fight crime.

While Nepal insists that anyone planning to climb Mount Everest must be at least 16. China does not have any age restrictions (限制). Some mountain climbers haven’t agreed with the Romero family for letting him try it but his father said the climbing from the Chinese side is less dangerous. （2017-2018高一上10月培正月考）

25. Why did Jordan Romero choose to climb from the Chinese side of Mount Everest?

A. China allows climbers of any age to climb Mt. Everest.

B. It wasn’t far from Jordan’s base camp on the Chinese side.

C. There were more challenges on the Chinese side.

D. There were more local guides on the Chinese side.