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一、重点词汇及拓展
immediately /miditli/ adv. 即刻，马上
She answered almost immediately.
她几乎立刻就回答了。
gathering /ɡr/ n. 聚会
It is only an informal gathering.
这只是个非正式的聚会。
snack /snk/ n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心
I only have time for a snack at lunchtime.
中午，我的时间只够吃点心。
put up 张贴
They"re putting new street signs up.
他们正在张贴新的路标。
decoration /dekren/ n. 装饰物
The only wall decorations are candles and a single mirror.
墙上仅有的装饰品就是一些蜡烛和一面镜子。
let off 使某物爆炸
He had let off fireworks to celebrate the revolution. 他燃放了烟花来庆祝革命。
account /kant/ n. 描述，报道
She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
summarise /"smraz/ vi. & vt. 总结，概括
The article can be summarised in three sentences.
这篇文章可用3句话概括。
host /hst/ n. 主人；东道主；主持人
Apart from my host, I didn"t know a single person there.
除了主人，那儿的人我一个也不认识。
sweep /swip/ vt. 扫；打扫
sweep away 扫除；清除
Mother told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves in the yard.
妈妈要汤姆打扫庭院里的落叶。
character /krkt(r)/ n. 字，字体；人物，角色
He"s a nut, a real character.
他是个怪人，一个真正与众不同的人。
attach /tt/ vt. 贴；固定；附上
Attach the coupon to the front of your letter.
把优惠券附在信的正面。
upside down 倒置地，颠倒地
The painting was hung upside down.
这幅画挂颠倒了。
expectant /kspektnt/ adj. 期待的，期望的
An expectant crowd gathered.
满怀期待的一群人聚在了一起。
scare /skea/ vt. 吓唬；使(某人)惊恐
scare sb/sth away 把……吓跑
Are you trying to bring customers in or scare them away?
你是要试着招揽客人，还是要把他们吓跑？
flight /flat/ n. 航班
We booked the same flight.
我们订了同一班机的机票。
wine /wan/ n. 葡萄酒
What kind of wine do you have?
你们有什么样的葡萄酒？
surround /srand/ vt. 环绕，围绕
Tall trees surround the lake.
环湖都是大树。
accent /ksent/ n. 口音
She spoke English with an accent .
她说英语带有口音。
hotpot /htpt/ n. 火锅
You could also try Chinese hotpot.
你也可以尝试中国火锅。
retired /rtad/ adj. 退休的
Dad is retired now.
爸爸现在已经退休了。
joy /d/ n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦
To his great joy, she accepted.
使他感到非常高兴的是她接受了。
throughout /θruat/ prep. 在整个期间，自始至终
The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
original /rdnl/ adj. 原先的，最早的，最初的
The room still has many of its original features.
房间还保留着当初的许多特点。
custom /kstm/ n. 风俗，习惯；传统
It"s a local custom.
这是当地的风俗习惯。
二、语法讲解
1. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.首先，房子从上到下都打扫了一遍。我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是清除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
sweep away 清除，扫走。如:
A feeling of happiness swept my anger away hearing the news.
听到这个消息，一种幸福感扫走了我的愤怒。
2. Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents — I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。
be surrounded by 被……包围。如:
The house is surrounded by flowers and trees. 那座房子被花和树木围着。
3. I don’t get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in on what’s been happening - who has got married or had children or gone away to university. 我不经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了，等等。
fill sb in on 告诉某人关于……的消息。如:
Let me fill you in on what"s been happening in the office over lunch.
让我告诉你午餐时办公室发生的事。
4. 被动语态
（一）含义：
语态说明句子主语和谓语动词的关系，在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
（二）在下列情况下使用被动语态:
1) 不知道也不需要知道谁做的这件事:
It is believed that when Fu is put upside down.
2) “动作执行者”显而易见:
The house was cleaned from top to bottom.
3) 动作本身比“动作执行者”更重要，或不想说出谁做的这件事:
The spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has largely been kept.
4)在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式:
The International Space Station has been built in the Earth"s orbit.
Every country was allowed to design their own Euro coins which could be used in any of the participating countries.
（三）被动语态的构成
1) 一般现在时
构成：am/ is/ are+动词过去分词
Chinese is learnt by more and more people.
越来越多的人学习汉语。
2) 一般过去时
构成：were/ was+动词过去分词
The first car was invented in 1885.
第一辆汽车是1885年被生产的。
3) 一般将来时
构成：will/ be going to + be +动词过去分词
Many jobs will be done by robots in the future.
在将来，许多工作会被机器人完成。
The meeting is going to be held next week.
会议将于下周召开。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法
1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
2) 谓语动词由主动形式变成被动形式（be+过去分词）
3) 把主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语，将主格改为宾语
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《北师大版高中英语必修第一册单词语法》，同时在此感谢原作者。
