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一 独立主格结构的形式：n./pron.+to do/doing/done/adj./adv./介词短语/n
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于有很多家庭作业需要做，我只好一整天待在家里。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
The question being discussed, a man came up with a practical solution.在讨论这个问题时，有人提出了一个切实可行的解决方案。
Rex was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
雷克斯专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
Many things solved/settled, the manager looks relaxed.许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.小女孩走进房间，脸冻红了。The game over, the audience applauded.比赛结束了，观众鼓起掌来。
Many people were lined along the streets, flags in hands.很多人排队站在街道旁，手里拿着棋子。
Many people come to visit the Great Wall every year, most of them foreigners.每年有许多人来参观长城，其中大多数是外国人。
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两个人攀下火山口去收集日后研究用的熔岩，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
二 独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可以置于主句前主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间条件原因伴随状况等。
1）表时间 The meeting over, all of us went home. 开完会我们都回家了。
2）表条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3）表原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们之好步行。
4）表伴随 Almost all metals are good conductors, sliver being the best of all.几乎所哟的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
习题
1 The party will be held in the garden, weather _______(permit).如果天气允许，晚会将在花园举行。天气是允许的逻辑主语。
2 This _______(be) my first time in a new country, I was scared and feeling pretty anxious.这是我第一次在一个新国家，我很害怕，感觉很紧张。
3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______(follow) in a year.
我今天寄100美元给你，剩下的一年后再寄。the rest和follow是逻辑主动关系。
4 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______(finish) for the day.孩子们从语法学校回家了，他们一天的功课上完了。their lessons和finish是逻辑被动关系。
5 He lay in bed, ____________________________(他的眼睛看着天花板）and his fingers crossed. 他躺在床上，眼睛看着天花板，十指交叉放在胸前（祈祷好运）。
6 ______________（音乐开着）,I can’t focus my mind on the work.
7______________(演讲结束后),a lively question-and -answer session followed.
随后是一个可爱的问答环节。
答案
1 permitting 2 being 3 to follow 4 finished 5 his eyes looking at the ceiling
6 The music on 7 the lecture having been given
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