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上一篇文章讲了英语考试常考的非谓语动词的用法，这篇文章将会详细讲解归纳虚拟语气在非真实条件句和省略if的条件句中的用法。整篇文章3443字，干货满满。我是英语学圈，欢迎关注，带你一起长知识。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等。虚拟语气所表示的这些含义并不是客观存在的事实。
非真实条件句主要包含对现在、过去和将来情况虚拟的条件句，此外还包含部分表示特殊情况的虚拟条件句。
非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式如下：
1、虚拟语气在假设现在情况的条件句中的用法
考点：在表示对现在情况假设的非真实条件句中,从句的谓语动词用过去式,如果出现be动词,则要用were的形式,主句的谓语动词用“ should/would+动词原形”的形式, should常用于第一人称, would可用于各个人称。有时 might或 could可替代 should/would。
If you took a taxi, you might get there sooner.
如果坐出租车去,你可以早一点到那里。
If knew her number, could ring her up.要是我知道她的号码,我就给她打电话了。
If the earth suddenly stopped spinning, we would all fly off it.
如果地球突然停止转动,我们都会飞出去。
经典例题：If I were you, I_______the chance to go abroad.
A. would seize B. will seize C.may have seized D. shall seize
[翻译]如果我是你,我会抓住这次出国的机会。
【精析】A。根据句意和从句中的were可知,句是对现在情况的假设,从句用一般过去
时,主句的谓语动词应用“would/could/might/should+动词原形”的形式。故选A立
2、虚拟语气在假设过去情况的条件句中的用法
考点：在表示对过去情况假设的非真实条件句中,从句应用过去完成时,即从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”的形式,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might havet+过去分词”的形式, should常用于第一人称, would可用于各个人称。
If I had known the answer, I could have told him.
要是我知道答案的话,我就告诉他了。
If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life
要是我们早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他了。
If you had warned him of the danger, he would not have been seriously injured.
如果你警告他有危险的话,他就不会受重伤了。
If you_______ to the lecture last Saturday, you_______a lot from it.
A. had gone; would have benefited
B. had gone; would benefit
C. were: would henefit
D. were; would have benefited
[翻译]如果你上周六去听了那个演讲,你就可以从中受益很多。
【精析】A。由时间状语 last Saturday可知,本句是对过去情况的假设。因此,从句谓语要用“had+过去分词”的形式,主句谓语用“would+have+过去分词”的形式。故选A
3、虚拟语气在假设将来情况的条件句中的用法
考点：在表示对将来情况假设的非真实条件句中,从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)或者“shouldwere to+动词原形”的形式,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式。在主句中 should用于第一人称, would可用于各个人称。
If he went, would you go too?如果他去,你也去吗?
If asked him, he would/ could help us.如果我请求他,会帮助我们的法
If there were /should be/were to be something wrong, they would tell you at once.
如果有什么问题,他们会马上告诉你的。
经典例题：John doesn"t want to work right away because he thinks if he ____a job he probably wouldn"t be able to see his friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to ge
C.had got
D.could have got
[翻译]约翰不想立即工作,因为他认为,如果去工作,他可能就没法经常看到朋友们了。
【精析】B。根据题意可知,约翰还没有去工作,所以是对将来的假设,主句谓语应用
“would+动词原形”的形式,从句谓语应用“were to do”的形式。
4、虚拟语气在错综时间条件句中的用法
考点：在非真实条件句中,主句和从句所指的时间一般情况下应该是一致的,但有时从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应由句意决定,并根据各自的时间来确定。
If were you, would have taken his advice.(从句是对现在情况的假设,主句是对过去情况的假设)如果我是你,我就会采纳他的建议。
If he had followed the doctor"s" advice, he would recover now.(从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的假设)如果他听从了医生的建议,现在他的病就好了。
经典例题：If he______ his legs yesterday, he_______ with us now.
A. hadn"t hurt; would go
B. hadn"t hurt; would have gone
C. didn"t hurt; would go
D. didn"t hurt; would have gone
[翻译]要是他昨天没有伤到腿的话,他现在就和我们一起去了。
【精析】A根据句中的时间状语 yesterday和ow可知,从句是与过去事实相反的假设谓语动词应用“had+过去分词”的形式;主句是与现在事实相反的假设,谓语动词应用“would动词原形”的形式。
二、虚拟语气在省略if的条件句中的用法
考点：当虚拟条件句中含有were,had或 should时可以省略if,并把这些词提至句首,以强调假设条件的虚拟性或突出说话人的主观愿望。
Should you be questioned again tomorrow,you could refuse to answer.
如果明天再次受到质疑,你可以拒绝回答。
Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
如果明天见到他,我会问他这件事的。
Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house.
如果我去年有这笔钱,我就会买了那所房子。
Had it not been for the free tickets. he would not have seen films so often.
出现要不是有免费票,他是不会这么频繁看电影的
经典例题：_______, I would ask them some questions.
A. should they come to us
B. If they come to us
D. Had they come to us
C. Were they come to us
[翻译]如果他们来找我们,我会问他们一些问题。
【精析】A。虚拟条件从句中可以省略if,同时将从句中的助动词had,were, should等移至主语之前,形成部分倒装。例如: Should it be summer would go swimming.如果是夏天的话,我就去游泳。根据后面的 would ask可知,此处应用“ should+动词原形”而非“had done形式。故选A。
下一篇文章将详细讲解归纳虚拟语气在名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的用法。敬请期待。
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