大量阅读，扩充内容，强化训练是快速高效提高高考英语阅读理解成绩的重要方法，也是开展内容筛选，信息记忆，逻辑判断以及词汇和语法应用等阅读策略和技巧的必须过程。大量阅读应该大到什么程度？至少要读上百篇短文，每篇短文应该达到450词左右。扩充什么内容？应该广泛涉猎，尤其是有助于知识扩展和储备的科普类和常识类的内容。如何强化训练？应该泛读和精读并举，把每一篇所选的文章读深读透，把每一份资料利用至尽，扫荡生词，解尽难句，做到文章内容和语言等烂熟于心。下面选取的阅读材料是关于即将发射升空的新的太阳轨道飞行器行将对太阳的两极进行观察和拍摄的新闻报道，和上篇《太阳表面的全新影像（Wild new images of the sun’s surface）》构成姊妹篇，可以为考生提供更为全面的内容和语料。以下是所选文章的词汇释义、难句解析和全文翻译，供有兴趣的考生参考。
1. 原文
New Solar Orbiter mission will give an unprecedented look at our sun
This weekend, the Solar Orbiter is expected to launch from Cape Canaveral and begin its journey to get a close, unprecedented look at our star. This is the first mission that will provide images of the sun"s north and south poles using a suite of six instruments on board that will capture the spacecraft"s view. Having a visual understanding of the sun"s poles is important because it can provide more insight about the sun"s powerful magnetic field and how it affects Earth.
It will take Solar Orbiter about two years to reach its highly elliptical orbit around the sun. Gravity assists from Earth and Venus will help swing the spacecraft out of the ecliptic plane, or the space that aligns with the sun"s equator, so it can study the sun"s poles from above and below.
Solar Orbiter is equipped with ten instruments that can capture observations of the sun"s corona (which is its atmosphere), the poles and the solar disk. It can also use its variety of instruments to measure the sun"s magnetic fields and solar wind, or the energized stream of particles emitted by the sun that reach across our solar system.
The mission will work in tandem with NASA"s Parker Solar Probe, which is currently orbiting the sun on a seven-year mission and just completed its fourth close approach of the star. It launched in August 2018 and will eventually come within four million miles of the sun -- the closest a spacecraft has ever flown by our star.
Together, the missions can help unlock the mysteries of the sun and provide more data to researchers than either could accomplish on its own. Parker can sample particles coming off the sun up close, while Solar Orbiter will fly farther back to capture more encompassing observations and provide broader context. At times, the spacecraft will both align to take measurements of the solar wind or magnetic field.
Solar Orbiter also has a seven-year mission and will come within 26 million miles of the sun. It will be able to brave the heat of the sun because it has a custom titanium heat shield coated in calcium phosphate so that it can endure temperatures up to 970 degrees Fahrenheit.
Solar Orbiter"s observations of the poles could explain why the sun"s magnetic field changes, alternating over an 11-year period. When the magnetic field is active, it produces dark sunspots on the sun"s surface, and then there are calmer periods with less activity. The observations could also lead to better predictions of space weather because it can provide a better view of the magnetic field.
2. 词汇释义：
orbiter：轨道飞行器
mission：任务
unprecedented：史无前例的
suite：套，组
on board：车上，船上，飞机上
capture：捕获，采集，拍摄
visual：视觉的
insight：洞察，洞悉，领悟
elliptical：椭圆的
orbit：轨道
gravity：重力
assist：辅助
swing：跃动，荡动，抛动
ecliptic：黄道的
align：排列整齐，使对齐；（尤指）成一直线
equator：赤道
variety：多样化
energize：为…提供电力/能量
emit：发射，放射
tandem：串联，并行
approach：接近，靠近
eventually：最终
accomplish：完成
sample：采样，取样
particle：粒子
come off：脱落
up close：近距离，接近，临近
encompass：包围，环绕
brave：面对，承受
custom：定做的，定制的
titanium：钛
shield：屏板，护罩
coat：给…涂上…
calcium：钙
phosphate：磷酸盐，磷酸酯
alternate：交替，轮流
难句解析：
1. This is the first mission that will provide images of the sun"s north and south poles using a suite of six instruments on board that will capture the spacecraft"s view. —— 本句偏长，后置定语突显，定语从句嵌套定语从句，第一个定语从句that will provide…修饰mission，其中using…是现在分词短语作状语，第二个定语从句that will capture…修饰instruments，其中capture the spacecraft"s view表示通过飞行器的视界进行捕捉或拍摄。
2. It can also use its variety of instruments to measure the sun"s magnetic fields and solar wind, or the energized stream of particles emitted by the sun that reach across our solar system. —— 本句偏长，the energized stream含有多重后置定语，依次修饰各自前置词，of particles是介词短语修饰stream，emitted by the sun是过去分词短语修饰particles，that reach across our solar system是定语从句修饰sun。
3. It launched in August 2018 and will eventually come within four million miles of the sun -- the closest a spacecraft has ever flown by our star. —— 本句中，破折号引导补充解释性成分the closest…，在结构上与前面的成分没有关联，可看作是a spacecraft has ever flown the closest by our star的变形，其中the closest是副词最高级形式作状语，by表示经过（past）。
4. Parker can sample particles coming off the sun up close, while Solar Orbiter will fly farther back to capture more encompassing observations and provide broader context. —— 本句的主句中，coming off the sun是动名词短语作定语修饰particles，up close是副词短语状语修饰谓语can sample，从句中，encompassing是现在分词作定语，表示围绕的范围，capture… observations表示捕捉或拍摄观测到的东西，如对象、图像、数据、数值等。
译文：
新太阳轨道飞行器行将揭开太阳的新面貌
本周末，太阳轨道飞行器预计将于卡纳维拉尔角发射升空，开始其近距离、史无前例地观测恒星之旅。这将是第一次利用舱内六种仪器组合通过飞行器视界捕获并回传太阳南北两极图像的任务。关于太阳极的视觉认知很重要，因为这样可以更深入地了解太阳强磁场及其如何影响地球。
太阳轨道飞行器大约需要两年时间才能到达绕日高椭圆轨道。地球和金星的辅助重力将助力飞行器飞离黄道面或太阳赤道的平齐空间，以便可以从上下两个方向研究太阳的两极。
太阳轨道飞行器配备了十种仪器，可以用于观测拍摄太阳日冕（即其大气层）、两极和太阳盘。轨道器还可以使用各种仪器测量太阳的磁场和太阳风，或者太阳发射的可以横穿太阳系的粒子通电流。
太阳轨道器将与飞行期为七年的目前正在围绕太阳运行的美国宇航局的帕克太阳探测器联手合作执行任务，帕克太阳探测器刚刚完成了第四次近距离接近太阳的任务。它是于2018年8月发射升空的，最终将到达距太阳400万英里的范围——是太空飞行器行将飞临太阳最接近的一次。
两个飞行器一起执行任务可以帮助解开太阳的奥秘并可以为研究人员提供比两个飞行器各自单独所能完成的更多的数据。帕克可以近距离地对太阳上的脱落粒子进行采样，而太阳轨道飞行器将回飞得更远，以观测拍摄更大的范围并提供更宽广的境域。有的时候，太阳轨道飞行器还将进行调整以测量太阳风或磁场。
太阳轨道飞行器的飞行任务也是为期七年，将到达距离太阳2600万英里的范围。由于太阳轨道器飞行配备特制的磷酸钙涂层钛隔热罩，能够直接面临太阳的热量并可以承受高达970华氏度的温度。
太阳轨道飞行器对于太阳两极的观测可以解释太阳磁场以11年为周期交替变化的原因。当磁场活跃时会在太阳表面产生太阳黑子，然后出现活动减少的平静期。这些观察由于可以提供更好的磁场视界，还可以更好地进行空间天气的预测。
