定语从句(四)
——定语从句所需注意事项
一、定语从句中的主谓一致
1、one of the + 复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如:
That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
那是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。
This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
这是自1990年以来出版的最精彩的小说之一。
She is one of the few persons who know Spanish.
她是懂得西班牙语的少数几个人中的一位。
This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties.
这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。
2、如果one of the + 复数名词这一结构前面带有定冠词或the only之类的限定语,后面定语从句中的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是the one或the only one,而不是那个复数名词。如:
1.He is the one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
他是我校教师中惟一懂法语的人。(修饰the one)
试比较:
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.
他是我校懂法语的教师之一。(修饰the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.
这是这些房间中惟一没人住的一间。(修饰the only one)
试比较:
This is one of the rooms that are free now.
这是目前没人住的房间之一。(修饰rooms)
二、在the same...as结构中,有时也可用the same...that,但两者句意不同。as表示“相似性”,that表示“同一性”,试比较:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的那支是一样的。(两者相似,但不是同一个)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢失的那支钢笔。(即是同一个)
This is the same(kind of)bag as I lost yesterday.
这个包与我昨天丢的是同样的。
This is the same bag(=the very bag)that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那个包。
三、分隔式定语从句的用法
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分隔。此时能够理清句子结构,慧眼识别先行词就显得特别重要。
① Chan"s restaurant>,which used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.
位于贝克街成龙的餐馆过去经营不善,现在生意兴隆。(先行词是restaurant,在定语从句中作主语,指物且引导非限制性定语从句,用关系代词which。)
② Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of whom wanted to buy it.
上周,只有两个人来看房,两个人都不想买。(先行词不是the house,而是two people,表示两者,用neither+whom。)
③ The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
这部电影使我想起了在那个遥远的村庄里我受到良好照顾时的时光。
(先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分割。定语从句的先行词是表示时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故用表示时间的关系副词when。)