一.过去分词(短语)作状语表示动作发生的背景或情况,在意义上相当于一个状语从句,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
1.表示时间:过去分词(短语)做时间状语,相当于一个时间从句。
例如:Asked about his family, he made no answer=When he was asked about his family, he made no answer.当问到有关他的家庭的情况时,他没有回答。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的时间状语asked相当于是一个由when引导的时间状语,没省略之前的when引导的时间状语老师也给出来了,方便同学们比较学习。)
Asked what had happened, he lowered his head=When he was asked what happened, he lowered his head.当他被问问题时候,他低下头。
(冉老师有话说:该句重点的过去分词asked和第一句一样,等同于when引导的时间状语。)
2.表示条件:过去分词(短语)做条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。这类句子 的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。
例如:United, we stand;divided,we fall=If we are united,we stand;if we are divided, we fall.团结,我们就能独立;分裂,我们必然倒下。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词united相当于一个if引导的条件状语,我们独立的条件是要团结;倒下的前提是分裂的结果。)
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast=If these seeds are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词grown相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,种子长得快的条件是要被种在肥沃的土壤中。)
Given more time,we could do it better.=If we were given more time,we could do it better.如果给我们更多时间的话,我们可以做得更好。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词given相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,我们做得更好的前提条件是需要更多的时间。)
3.表示方式或伴随:过去分词(短语)做方式或伴随状语,可以转换成一个并列句。
例如:The boy slipped out of the room, followed by his pet dog=The boy slipped out of the room and was followed by his pet dog.这个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词followed表示的是一种伴随状语,这个男孩溜出去了,伴随着他的宠物狗跟着。同时该句也可以转换成另一个完整的并列句,用and连接,且用被动语态。)
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students=The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.老师进入教室,后面跟着一帮学生。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词followed与第一句一样,体现的也是伴随状态,可以用and连接成两个完整的句子。)
4.表示让步:过去分词(短语)做让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句。
例如:Rejected many times, the man did not lose heart=Though the man was rejected many times, he did not lose heart.虽然被拒绝了很多次,这个人并没有失去信心。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词rejected"拒绝”相当于一个由though引导的完整的让步状语从句,虽然这个人被拒绝了多次,但他任然没有失去信心。)
Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight=Though he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词wounded“受伤”相当于一个though引导的让步状语从句,两句可以互换,但是我们经常考的是省略though之后的让步状语从句。)
5.表示原因:过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。
例如:Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital=Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.由于伤得很严重,只好把他送往医院。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词injured“受伤的”相当于一个because引导的原因状语从句。把他送医院的原因是他受了严重的伤。)
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry=Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.由于被这个故事深深地感动,孩子们开始哭了起来。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词moved相当于一个because引导的原因状语从句,孩子们哭起来的原因是被这个故事深深地感动了。)