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We have a basket of small musical instruments, and I almost forgot that we have this. A slide whistle. Listen.
我们有一筐小乐器，我几乎都忘了我还有这个。溜溜笛。听一下。
. . . . . . Do you hear how smoothly the sound changes?
你听到这个声音是如何流畅地变化的吗？从高音到低音，低音到高音？
From a high pitch to a low pitch. A low pitch to a high pitch? It"s very different from the sounds we get from a keyboard.
这个我们从琴键发出的声音很不一样。听，对比一下。
Listen and compare. . . . . . .
在琴键上，更像是用我们的手指在步进，对吗？
On a keyboard, it"s more like stepping with our fingers, right?
But with a slide whistle the changes in pitch are more similar to gliding because it"s very smooth.
但是在溜溜笛上音调的变化更像是在滑行，因为它更流畅。在我们的第一节课，我们讨论了步进和滑行。
In our first lesson, we talked about stepping and gliding. We focused on falling intonation.
我们主要讲解了降调。这是一种非常重要的语调，因为没有它你就会听起来不确定，你也许会听起来不自信，其他人也不知道你什么时候讲完。
And that"s an important intonation pattern to learn because without it you won"t sound certain. You may not sound confident.
And people won"t know when you"re finished speaking. So it"s worth learning.
所以是很值得学习的。但是有的时候我们需要是我们的音调上升。
However, there are times when we need to make our voice rise in pitch. And that"s what we"re going to focus on now.
这就是我们这节课要学习的内容。升调。
Rising intonation. . . . . . .
升调可以用于很多问句，尤其是是非问句。
Rising intonation is used with many questions, especially yes-no questions. Those are questions that can be answered with a simple yes or no.
这是一类可以简单地用“是”或“否”来回答的问题。你要来吗？
Are you coming? Can you help?
你可以帮忙吗？与降低一样，升调也由步进和滑行组成。
As with falling intonation, rising intonation makes use of stepping and gliding. Step up when you have more than one syllable to work with.
当你有不止一个音节要读的时候，音调是逐步向上的。每个重读音节后面的非重读音节就是将语调再上升的点。
COMing? Are you COMing? Each unstressed syllable after a stressed one is a chance to step up even higher in pitch.
你要来吗？你现在要来吗？
Are you coming? Are you coming now?
你很快要来吗？注意一下这些时间副词都没有重读。
Are you coming anytime soon? Notice how those adverbs of time are not stressed.
他们都是实义词，但是动词更重要。所以我在“coming”这个单词上重读。
They"re content words, but the verb is the more important word. So I place emphasis on "coming."
你要来吗？你很快要来吗？
Are you COMing now? Are you COMing anytime soon?
当我们只有一个音节要读的时候，我们则滑行向上。这里只有一个音节，并且后面没有非重读音节。
We glide up when we have only one syllable to work with. That"s one stressed syllable and no following unstressed syllables.
你能帮忙吗？不管是步进还是滑行，音调在上升之前都有一个下降。
Can you help? Both with stepping and gliding there"s a bit of a drop before we rise.
再听一次。升调可以表达怀疑，不确定，以及不完整。
Listen again. Rising intonation can express doubt, uncertainty, and incompletion.
这不是一件坏事。事实上，升调可以作为我们需要一个答案的有用的信号。
It"s not a bad thing necessarily. In fact, rising intonation can be a helpful signal that we need an answer.
你要来吗？我需要确认，是还是不是？
Are you coming? I need confirmation. Yes or no?
有时候我们用升调来将一个基本的陈述句变成问句，因为我们需要确认。所以语法上这个句子仍然看起来是一个陈述句。
Sometimes we use rising intonation to turn a basic statement into a question because we need confirmation. So grammatically the sentence looks like a statement.
但是我们的声音传达给听众的是我们在问一个问题。你说他要来？
But our voice signals our listener that we"re asking a question. You said he"s coming?
他真的那样做了？她来了吗？
He really did that? She came?
更强的升调的可以表达更多的怀疑和不确定。听。
A stronger rise can express more doubt or more uncertainty. Listen.
你说他要来？他真的那样做了？
You said he"s coming? He really did that?
她来了吗？同样的，我们可以用升调重复wh问句。
She came? Similarly, we can repeat a wh- question with rising intonation.
我们这样做是也许是因为我们开始的时候没听清答案。或者是因为我们不相信这个答案。
We might do this because we didn"t hear the answer the first time. Or maybe we didn"t believe the answer.
我来给你们举两个例子。他什么时候来？
Let me give you two examples. When is he coming?
第一次，我用降调提出了我的wh问句。他什么时候来？
I ask my wh- question the first time with falling intonation. When is he coming?
我重复了一遍。你说他什么时候来？
I repeat it. When is he coming?
我的语调上升了。我也改变了我的中心词。
I"m going up. I"m also changing my focus word.
不是最后的实义词，我真正想要的基本信息是“什么时候”。所以我改变了我的中心词，它现在在句首了。
Instead of the final content word, I really want the basic information: when? So I change my focus word. It"s now at the beginning.
所以我有更多的音节要读了，我可以继续上升到一个更高的音调。你说他什么时候来？
So I have more syllables to work with, and I can keep climbing to a higher pitch. When is he coming?
或者是：你说他什么时候来？如果我只用这一个单一的单词，一个音节，我就会滑行，“when？”。
OR: When did you say he"s coming? If I use just the single word, one syllable, I glide: When?
下面是我的第二个例子。谁说的？
Here"s our second example. Who said that?
第一次用的降调，表示我在问问题。但是如果我重复一遍：谁说的来着？
Falling intonation the first time I ask the question. But if I repeat it: Who said that?
用的升调。我第二次说的时候也改变了我的中心词。
Rising intonation. I also changed the focus word the second time.
我强调了“who”，然后其他所有的单词带我上升到一个更高的音调。谁说的来着？
I"m emphasizing WHO and all other words take me higher in pitch. Who said that?
如果我仅用的是疑问词，我只有一个音节，所以我进行了滑行：“谁?”。试着跟我读。
If I only use the question word, I have one syllable, so I glide: Who? Try repeating after me.
首先，我们从重读音节开始步进。注意听语调上升前的下降。
First, we"ll step up from a stressed syllable. Listen for the drop before we rise.
你学过吗？你可以为我弹奏一曲吗？
Did you learn it? Will you play for me?
你要在音乐会中演出吗？你有票吗？
Are you going to perform in the concert? Do you have tickets?
音乐会什么时候开始？现在我们来练习在单一重读音节上滑行。
When does the concert begin? Now we"ll glide up on a single stressed syllable.
注意听语调上升前的下降。你有听过他们现场演奏过吗？
Listen for that little drop before we rise. Have you ever heard them play live?
你知道怎样做吗？我们可以走了吗？
Do you know how? Can we go?
他说了什么时候吗？你不知道吗？
Did he say when? You didn"t know?
记得你们自己要练习。把你们练的跟我的作对比。
Remember to practice on your own. Compare your speech to mine.
下面又是10个例句。每句话我读一遍。
Here are the 10 model sentences again. I"ll say each one once.
你学过吗？你可以为我弹奏一曲吗？
Did you learn it? Will you play for me?
你要找音乐会中表演吗？你有票吗？
Are you going to perform in the concert? Do you have tickets?
音乐会什么时候开始？你有听过他们现场演奏过吗？
When does the concert begin? Have you ever heard them play live?
你知道怎么做吗？我们可以走了吗？
Do you know how? Can we go?
他有说什么时候吗？你不知道？
Did he say when? You didn"t know?
这就是今天的全部内容，感谢收看，快乐学习！
That"s all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies.
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