友情提示:本文共有 4238 个字,阅读大概需要 9 分钟。
在阅读理解中,常见一些词组和固定句式,看似简单,出现频率又高,许多读者不太花心思深入研究其精确内涵,只看明白表层意思,其实这些频频出现在阅读文本中却不为人所重视的句式,背后隐藏了最大的玄机!普通读者一知半解,精英读者却透过纸背洞悉其更深层的内涵。这成为突破阅读高分的关键!学霸之间的竞争,不外乎如此。本期里,青青随意挑选几例深度剖析,更重要的,一定要教会大家将这番洞察力用于指导阅读实践!赶快收藏吧。
1. as well as句
as well as 是“也”的意思,这是众所周知的,但只有少数人理解到这一层——该短语之前之后的内容地位其实并不平等,句子旨在强调as well as 之前的部分。
例句:But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well asa poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary literary critic.
解析:作者的语气是这样的:伍尔芙不仅仅是个充满诗情的小说家,更是个现实主义作家,她也不仅仅是个充满梦想的文学评论家,还是一个讽刺作家的社会批评家。作者的意图在于强调as well as之前的内容。
2. not only… but also句
not only… but also旨在强调but also之后的内容,一项统计表明,not only之后,but also之前的这部分内容,GRE考题几乎从来没有涉及过,故而青青斗胆建议,读者在读这种句子时完全可以略读not only的这个部分。
例句:Creative ideas not onlyproduce their own instruments of survival as time and circumstances demand, but permit the substitution of new forms for old under the pressure of changed circumstances.
解析:有经验的读者看到not only,其后直至but之前的部分便可以大胆略读,因为作者的强调重点一定是后面。
参考译文:创造性思想,不仅在时代和环境的要求下产生让自身得以幸存的手段,而且亦允许在已经变迁的环境的压力下,不断改变形式,推陈出新。
3. not… but 句
这是一个典型的强对比句式,强对比一直以来都是个重要考点,因此阅读中遇到这个句式要予以强烈的关注,做出显著的记号,尤其要注意强对比的双方。
例句1:The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is notof dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints- ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture.
解析:引发强对比叙述的事物The role those anthropologists ascribe是个大考点, 这些人类学家认为,生物进化的作用,不是规定人类行为的种种细节,而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情况中都会“自然流露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。
例句2: According to this theory, it is notthe quality of the sensory nerve impulses that detrmines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for his view.
解析:not… but rather跟not…but …作用一样,都在省略号部分引出强对比的双方。
例句3:Their present hight standing is due to a different, more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values: we no longerrequire artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsification of the truth.
解析:no longer… but rather也是一种引发强对比叙述的方式,强调转折后的那部分内容。
参考译文:他们目前高高的地位缘自一种全然不同、更为民主的政治气候,以及全然不同的美学价值观:我们不再要求艺术家提供理想化的人类形象来进行道德教诲;恰恰相反,我们将这种理想化的做法视为对真理的歪曲。
4. rather than…句
rather than是个表示强对比关系的词组,文本中一旦出现这个词组,应当引起读者的高度重视。
例句:Woolf ‘s own social criticism is expressedin the language of observation rather thanin direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an acive art.
解析:伍尔芙本人的社会批评是用观察的语言而非直接评论的表达方式来表达的,因为对她来说,小说是一种思绪性的艺术。
5.while…句
while所引导的句子,通常都含有强对比的双方,也是出题的重点。因此,读者也要对while一词加重记号。
例句:While it is true that living organisms are profoundly affected by their environment, it is equally important to remember that amny organisms are also capable of altering their habitat significantly, sometimes limiting their own growth.
解析:在阅读中,遇到while这样的词,一定要注意看强对比的双方。
参考译文:尽管生物会深受其环境影响这一点是无疑的,但也应该记住,同样重要的是,许多生物也能极大地改变它们的栖息地,从而在某些情况下限制着它们自身的生长。
6.Although …句
Although引导的让步句重点在后半句,而前半句的让步成分很少作为出题点,因此,读although引导的句子时可以略读前半句话,将重点移到后面,即“重点偏移法”!
例句:AlthoughFisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed. his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.
参考译文:虽然费希尔是在数学博弈理论建立起来之前发表其著述的,但他的理论已经囊括一博弈的本质牲,即所能采用的最佳策略取决于他们在做什么。
7. 强调句和过于肯定的表述
在阅读中,强调句(通常有助动词do, may, have)和过于肯定的表述(句子用no doubt, absolutely, definitely, totally, completely修饰)的作用,就是让步!所以,凡是看到强调句开头的一段话,读者应当自觉地将后面的内容进行转折和取非。
例句:It is true that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural pracitces had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relativaly barren lands.
参考译文:诚然,很大一部分新开垦的土地仅适宜放牧和旱作,但农业技术已相当先进,农民即使利用这些相对贫瘠的土地亦可增加其农业的经济效益。
8. far less, no less than句
这种句子在理解上比较复杂,但只要仔细分析,其意也不难破。
例句1:Such molecules are synthesized far lessreadily when oxygen-containing compounds dominate the atmosphere.
参考译文:当含氧化合的主宰大气层时,这些分子极不容易合成。
解析:本句far less表示否定。
例句2:The discovery has resulted in no less thana total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays.
解析:本句no less than,意为不亚于,表示肯定的含义。
参考译文:这一发现导致了不下一种全面彻底地对每一种年代学标准的重新评估,这些年代学标准或被应用于阿基琉斯的剧作,或缘自他的剧作。
本文如果对你有帮助,请点赞收藏《(独家揭秘)GRE阅读常用固定句式 看似简单 其实暗藏玄机!》,同时在此感谢原作者。