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这期继续分享剩余助动词的用法
——would
would是will的过去式,用来表示过去将来时
例:
He said that he wouldtry again.(他说了他会再试一试)
Did you know when he wouldcome?(你当时知道他何时会来吗)
有时也会出现will与一般过去时连用的现象
例:He said that he willvisit the country sometime in July(他说他会在七月份访问该国)
那么怎么区分使用will还是would呢?
He said虽然为过去状态,但will是用于尚未到来的时间,而would用于已经过去的时间。
例:
He said that he willvisit you tomorrow(他说了他明天会来拜访你)
He said that he wouldvisit you yesterday(他说了昨天会来拜访你)
would用在虚拟语气中,表与现在或过去事实相反
与现在事实相反:would + 动词原形 译为“就会……”
例:If I had money now, I would buya big house.(如果我有现在有钱,我会买一套大房子)
与过去事实相反:would have + 过去分词
例:If we had left earlier, wewould have been able to stop off for a coffee on the way.(如果我们出发早一点,我们就能在去的路上停下来喝一杯咖啡)
用would表示过去特别的习惯或者动作
例:I had a friend from Albany, which is about 36 miles away, and we wouldmeet every Thursday morning and she would help us.(我有一个来自奥尔巴尼的朋友,大概有36英里远,我们经常在星期三早上见面,并且她经常帮助我们)
用would表示间接委婉建议,经常和advise, imagine, recommend, say, suggest等词连用
在请求或寻求帮助时,用would代替will以表礼貌正式
would常用的一些搭配
would rather + 动词原形 宁愿……
例:I would rathergo than stay here(我宁愿走也不愿意呆在这里)
would you mind + v-ing 你介不介意……?
例:Would you mind usingyour book?(你介不介意用一下你的书?)
would rather +(that)从句 我多么希望……
此句型属于虚拟语气,若与现在事实相反,that从句用一般过去时;若与过去事实相反,用过去完成时态。
与现在事实相反:I would rather(that)he were here.(我多么希望他在这里)
与过去事实相反:I would rather(that)he had been here yesterday(我多么希望他昨天在这里)
——can 和could
助动词can有下列意思和用法
① 表做某件事的能力,翻译为“能够”
例:I can sing one song in Polish(我能用波兰语唱歌)
常与感官动词hear, see, smell, taste, 思想类动词 guess, imagine, picture, understand follow等连用
例:
I can hear you.(我能听到你)
I can guess why you’re angry.(我能猜到你为什么生气)
② 表可能性,翻译为有可能
We can go to Rome in June because both of us have a week off work.(我们能去罗马,因为我们都有一周的休息时间)
在疑问句中:can it be true?(这可能是真的吗)
③ 表许可,译为“可以”
Can I take Daisy for a walk?(我可以和黛西散步吗)
Students canuse calculators during the exam.(学生在考试时可以用计算器)
④ 表对过去事实的否定推论
can"t have + 过去分词 不可能曾……
He is so busy that he can"t have stolen you money yesterday.(他很忙昨天不可能偷你的钱)
注意:can不可用于对过去事实的肯定推论,要表对过去事实的肯定推论可用以下两种句型:
must have + 过去分词 一定曾经……
may have + 过去分词 可能曾经……
例:He looks nervous,he must have stolenyou money.(他这么紧张,一定滴偷了你的钱)
could为can的过去式,通常用以表示过去的状况
例:She couldspeak English well when she was ten.(她10岁时英语就说得很好了)
In those days, you could buy everything in the local shop. Now we have to go to the big supermarket for everything.(哪些天你们能在当地超市买想要的东西,现在我们不得不去大超市买了)
could = was/were able to 表示过去的能力,用于一般过去时中
例:He was able to eat eight bowels of rice when he was young.(他年轻时能吃8碗米饭)
Could使用于问句中表示客气
Could you please do it for me ?(你能帮我做这事吗?)
Could have + 过去分词
用来表示本应该发生而为发生的事情,表遗憾
He couldhave been a doctor.(他本应该成为一名医生的)
I couldhave been famous.(我本应该很出名的)
有时也会用how could you/she/he/they……?来反对某事
例:How could youhave gone without telling me?(你怎么能不告诉我一声就走了呢)
Grandfather,How could youleave me?(爷爷,你怎么能够抛弃下我呢)
can与not连用时,不要写成can not,而要写成cannot或者can"t
例:He cannot write letters(他不会写信)
can的惯用语
can but/only 只能……
I can but/onlydo so.(我只能这么做)
cannot help doing 禁不住……
例:I cannot help laughing.(我忍不住大笑起来)
到这里还意犹未尽么?
休息下,哈哈!助动词的用法比想象的多得多,但又不能讲得笼统,因此把常见的用法都整理了,这期就先到这里吧,抛砖引玉,希望大家积极留言讨论!
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